Richardson, S. (1999). Emergency departments and the inappropriate attender: Is it time for a reconceptualisation of the role of primary care in emergency facilities? Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 14(2), 13–20.
Abstract: This paper reviews currently identified issues concerning emergency department attendance, and examines the core question of the role of primary care in the emergency department. Asks whether this is an appropriate use of emergency department resources, and if so, what the implications are for the role of the emergency nurse. Suggests the establishment of Minor Injury Units in New Zealand like those in the UK.
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Primary Health Care Nurse Innovation Evaluation Team,. (2007). The evaluation of the eleven primary health care nursing innovation projects: A report to the Ministry of Health. Wellington: Ministry of Health.
Abstract: In 2003, as part of implementing the Primary Health Care Strategy, the Ministry of Health announced contestable funding, available over three years, for the development of primary health care nursing innovation projects throughout Aotearoa/New Zealand. The Ministry looked for proposals that would: support the development of innovative models of primary health care nursing practice to deliver on the objectives of the Primary Health Care Strategy; allow new models of nursing practice to develop; reduce the current fragmentation and duplication of services; and assist in the transition of primary health care delivery to primary health organisations. This report describes the findings from the evaluation of the 11 primary health care nursing innovations selected for funding by the Ministry of Health. It provides an overview of the innovations' success and of the lessons learnt from this policy initiative.
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Clendon, J. (2004). Demonstrating outcomes in a nurse-led clinic: How primary health care nurses make a difference to children and their families. Contemporary Nurse, 18(1-2), 164–176.
Abstract: The study outlined here explored outcomes from the provision of primary health care to children aged 5-13 years in a nurse-led clinic based in a primary school in Auckland. This multi-faceted study collected both qualitative and quantitative data, however it is the results of the quantitative arm of the study that are presented here. Data were collected from a variety of sources concerning conditions seen, age and ethnicity of users, types of services provided and impact on hospital usage. Findings demonstrate that the provision of comprehensive primary health care by the nurse at the clinic impacts positively on hospital visitation by children from the area where the clinic is located.
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Clendon, J., & White, G. E. (2001). The feasibility of a nurse practitioner-led primary health care clinic in a school setting: A community needs analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 34(2), 171–178.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of establishing a nurse practitioner-led, family focused, primary health care clinic within a New Zealand primary school environment as a means of addressing the health needs of children and families. A secondary aim was to ascertain whether public health nurses were the most appropriate nurses to lead such a clinic. Utilising a community needs analysis method, data were collected from demographic data, 17 key informant interviews and two focus group interviews. Analysis was exploratory and descriptive. Findings included the identification of a wide range of health issues. These included asthma management and control issues, the need to address poor parenting, and specific problems of the refugee and migrant population. Findings also demonstrated that participant understanding of the role of the public health nurse was less than anticipated and that community expectations were such that for a public health nurse to lead a primary health care clinic it would be likely that further skills would be required. Outcomes from investigating the practicalities of establishing a nurse practitioner-led clinic resulted in the preparation of a community-developed plan that would serve to address the health needs of children and families in the area the study was undertaken. Services that participants identified as being appropriate included health information, health education, health assessment and referral. The authors conclude that the establishment of a nurse practitioner-led, family focused, primary health care clinic in a primary school environment was feasible. While a public health nurse may fulfil the role of the nurse practitioner, it was established that preparation to an advanced level of practice would be required.
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Goodyear-Smith, F., & Janes, R. (2008). New Zealand rural primary health care workforce in 2005: More than just a doctor shortage. Australian Journal of Rural Health, 16(1), 40–46.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to obtain a 2005 snapshot of the New Zealand rural primary health care workforce, specifically GPs, general practice nurses and community pharmacists. A postal questionnaire was distributed to rural general practice managers, GPs, nurses, community pharmacy managers and pharmacists in November 2005. The self-reported data included information on demographics, country of training, years in practice, business ownership, hours worked including on-call, and intention to leave rural practice.
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Pearson, J. R., & Holloway, K. T. (2006). A postgraduate primary health care programme for experienced registered nurses and newly graduated nurses. Whitireia Nursing Journal, 13, 44–52.
Abstract: This paper outlines the historical development of the Postgraduate Certificate in Primary Health Care Specialty Nursing programme. The paper discusses the multiple contextual considerations for the programme in terms of New Zealand health policy direction, academic level, and appropriate level of competency development for nurses new to primary health care and newly graduated nurses.
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Kinealy, T., Arroll, B., Kenealy, H., Docherty, B., Scott, D., Scragg, R., et al. (2004). Diabetes care: Practice nurse roles, attitudes and concerns. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 48(11), 68–75.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to report a study to compare the diabetes-related work roles, training and attitudes of practice nurses in New Zealand surveyed in 1990 and 1999, to consider whether barriers to practice nurse diabetes care changed through that decade, and whether ongoing barriers will be addressed by current changes in primary care. Questionnaires were mailed to all 146 practice nurses in South Auckland in 1990 and to all 180 in 1999, asking about personal and practice descriptions, practice organisation, time spent with patients with diabetes, screening practices, components of care undertaken by practice nurses, difficulties and barriers to good practice, training in diabetes and need for further education. The 1999 questionnaire also asked about nurse prescribing and influence on patient quality of life. More nurses surveyed in 1999 had post-registration diabetes training than those in 1990, although most of those surveyed in both years wanted further training. In 1999, nurses looked after more patients with diabetes, without spending more time on diabetes care than nurses in 1990. Nevertheless, they reported increased involvement in the more complex areas of diabetes care. Respondents in 1999 were no more likely than those in 1990 to adjust treatment, and gave a full range of opinion for and against proposals to allow nurse prescribing. The relatively low response rate to the 1990 survey may lead to an underestimate of changes between 1990 and 1999. Developments in New Zealand primary care are likely to increase the role of primary health care nurses in diabetes. Research and evaluation is required to ascertain whether this increasing role translates into improved outcomes for patients.
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Heese, N. (2004). Report: Margaret May Blackwell Travel Fellowship 2004. Margaret May Blackwell Travel Study Fellowship Reports. Christchurch: Nursing Education and Research Foundation (NERF).
Abstract: Covers the placements the author visited and the topics learned whilst undertaking travel in the UK after being awarded the 2003 Margaret May Blackwell Travel Study Fellowship. Of specific interest was Well Child Care in Primary Health. Part of the Margaret May Blackwell Scholarship Reports series.
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Tautua, P. (2002). Exploring primary health care nursing for child and family health (specifically targeting 0-5 year's age group). Margaret May Blackwell Travel Study Fellowship for Nurses of Young Children 2002. Auckland, N.Z.: Nursing Education and Research Foundation (NERF).
Abstract: Compares the delivery models used by primary health-care nurses in Auckland for follow-up services aimed at Pacific children discharged from hospital with preventable illnesses, with similar services and programmes in Tonga and Samoa. Also compares NZ and Pacific Island programmes to promote immunisation and breastfeeding. Part of the Margaret May Blackwell Scholarship Reports series.
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Macfie, B. (2003). The exploration of primary health care nursing for child and family health : Margaret May Blackwell Travel Study Fellowship, 2002. Margaret May Blackwell Travel Study Fellowship Reports. New Zealand: Nursing Education and Research Foundation (NERF).
Abstract: Reports the approach to child and family health nursing in Canada, the US, and the UK. Divides the report into health policy, primary health care services, nursing education and the development of primary health care nurse practitioners, and nursing leadership in primary health care. Part of the Margaret May Blackwell Scholarship Reports series.
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Nelson, K. M., Connor, M., & Alcorn, G. D. (2009). Innovative nursing leadership in youth health. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 25(1), 27–37.
Abstract: Looks one of the eleven health care nursing innovation projects funded by the Ministry of Health: Vibe Youth Transition Services, located in the Hutt Valley, formerly known as the Hutt Valley Youth Service. Highlights the leadership role provided by the nurse practitioner (NP) which led to youth health and development nationally.
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Connor, M. J., Nelson, K. M., & Maisey, J. (2009). Impact of innovation funding on a rural health nursing service : the Reporoa experience. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 25(2), 4–14.
Abstract: Examines the impact of innovation funding through the MOH primary health-care nursing innovation funding scheme on Health Reporoa Inc, which offers a first-contact rural nursing service to the village of Reporoa and surrounding districts. Looks at funding impact during the project period of 2003-2006, and in the two years that followed.
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Prior, P., Wilkinson, J., & Neville, S. (2010). Practice nurse use of evidence in clinical practice : a descriptive survey. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 26(2), 14–25.
Abstract: Describes nurses' perceptions of their use of evidence-based practice, attitudes toward evidence-based practice and perceptions of their knowledge/skills associated with evidence-based practice. Determines the effect of educational preparation on practice, attitudes, and knowledge/skills toward evidence-based practice. Utilises a descriptive survey design to poll 55 West Auckland practice nurses working the general practice setting.
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Clendon, J.(and others). (2013). Nurse perceptions of the diabetes Get Checked Programme. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 29(3), 18–30.
Abstract: Ascertains the impact of the programme on the practice of nurses and identifies factors that contributed to the success or failure of the programme in their workplaces. Performs an observational study by means of an online survey and descriptively analyses the responses from the 748 respondents. Elicits nurses' suggestions for future improved management and outcomes for people with diabetes.
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Robertson, H., Carryer, J., & Neville, S. (2015). Diffusion of the Primary Health Care Strategy in a small District Health Board in New Zealand. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 31(3).
Abstract: Reports the findings of a study examining aspects of the implementation of the Primary Health Care Strategy on primary health care nursing in a small district health board (DHB) in NZ. Conducts an instrumental case study informed by onstructionism and underpinned by a qualitative interpretive design. Collects data from policy documents and strategic plans and by means of interviews with managers at middle and senior levels at the local DHB and two PHOs.
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