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Warren, S. (2002). Cultural safety, where does it fit? A literature review. Vision: A Journal of Nursing, 8(14), 27–30.
Abstract: This literature review discusses the history of the inclusion of culture into nursing studies. There is a small sample of overseas literature for critique with a focus on the inclusion of cultural safety in New Zealand. The concept of cultural safety was first introduced into New Zealand in the late 1980s. It was adopted by the New Zealand Nursing Council for nurses and midwives in 1992 and became part of the basic curriculum for nursing and midwifery education.
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Stone, P. W., Tourangeau, A. E., Duffield, C. M., Hughes, F., Jones, C. A., O'Brien-Pallas, L., et al. (2003). Evidence of nurse working conditions: A global perspective. Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice, 4(2), 120–130.
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to review evidence about nurse workload, staffing, skill mix, turnover, and organisational characteristics' effect on outcomes; discuss methodological considerations in this research; discuss research initiatives currently under way; review policy initiatives in different countries; and make recommendations where more research is needed. Overall, an understanding of the relationships among nurse staffing and organisational climate to patient safety and health outcomes is beginning to emerge in the literature. Little is known about nursing turnover and more evidence is needed with consistent definitions and control of underlying patient characteristics. Research and policy initiatives in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States are summarised.
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Speed, G. (2003). Advanced nurse practice. Nursing dialogue: A Professional Journal for nurses, 10, 6–12.
Abstract: The concept and characteristics of advanced nursing practice in New Zealand and overseas is compared with the nurse practitioner role. There is an international debate over definitions of advanced nursing and the range of roles that have developed. The rationale for the nurse practitioner role in New Zealand is examined, along with the associated legislation currently before Parliament. Job titles and roles of nurses within the Waikato Hospital intensive care unit are discussed and ways of developing the role of nurse practitioner are presented.
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Smye, V., Rameka, M., & Willis, E. (2006). Indigenous health care: Advances in nursing practice. Contemporary Nurse, 22(2), 142–154.
Abstract: In this introduction to a special issue on nursing with indigenous peoples, the authors affirm the need for continued application of tools and strategies for thinking critically about issues of culture, history and race. Without these things, evidence of discriminatory policies and practices in the health system remain hidden to many health professionals. Attention to socio-political structures is as essential to promoting health and preventing illness as are nurses' activities with the individual clients. To develop critical consciousness in nursing requires educational strategies and frameworks that focus on the responsibilities and implications of practicing nursing in a postcolonial context where race and power continue to create patterns of inclusion and exclusion in health care settings. The authors suggest that many contemporary nursing programmes fail to provide such strategies and frameworks, and argue that nursing must view critical analyses of these issues as central aspects of nursing education, research, theory and practice. They go on to engage with the notion of cultural safety as a means of fostering a critical political and social consciousness in nursing to create an opportunity for social transformation.
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Seton, K. M. (2004). Diversity in action: Overseas nurses' perspectives on transition to nursing practice in New Zealand. Ph.D. thesis, , .
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Rose, L., Nelson, S., Johnston, L., & Presneill, J. J. (2008). Workforce profile, organisation structure and role responsibility for ventilation and weaning practices in Australia and New Zealand intensive care units. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(8), 1035–1043.
Abstract: The aim of this research is to provide an analysis of the scope of nursing practice and inter-professional role responsibility for ventilatory decision-making in Australian and New Zealand intensive care units (ICU). Self-administered questionnaires were sent to nurse managers of eligible ICUs within Australia and New Zealand. Survey responses were available from 54/180 ICUs. The majority (71%) were located within metropolitan areas and categorised as a tertiary level ICU (50%). The mean number of nurses employed per ICU bed was 4.7 in Australia and 4.2 in New Zealand, with 69% (IQR: 47-80%) of nurses holding a postgraduate specialty qualification. All units reported a 1:1 nurse-to-patient ratio for ventilated patients with 71% reporting a 1:2 nurse-to-patient ratio for non- ventilated patients. Key ventilator decisions, including assessment of weaning and extubation readiness, were reported as predominantly made by nurses and doctors in collaboration. Overall, nurses described high levels of autonomy and influence in ventilator decision-making. Decisions to change ventilator settings, including FiO(2) (91%, 95% CI: 80-97), ventilator rate (65%, 95% CI: 51-77) and pressure support adjustment (57%, 95% CI: 43-71), were made independently by nurses. The authors conclude that the results of the survey suggest that, within the Australian and New Zealand context, nurses participate actively in ventilation and weaning decisions. In addition, they suggest, the results support an association between the education profile and skill-mix of nurses and the level of collaborative practice in ICU.
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North, N., Rasmussen, E., Hughes, F., & Finlayson, M. (2005). Turnover amongst nurses in New Zealand's district health boards: A national survey of nursing turnover and turnover costs. New Zealand Journal of Employment Relations, 30(1), 49–62.
Abstract: This article reports on the New Zealand part of an international study, using agreed study design and instruments, to determine the direct and indirect costs of nursing turnover. These costs also include the systemic costs, estimated by determining the impacts of turnover on patient and nurse outcomes. It presents the findings from the pilot study conducted in six countries to test the availability of costs and suitability of the instrument. Reports the results from a survey of directors of nursing in 20 of the 21 district health boards on turnover and workplace practices.
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Muir-Cochrane, E., Holmes, C., & Walton, J. A. (2002). Law and policy in relation to the use of seclusion in psychiatric hospitals in Australia and New Zealand. Contemporary Nurse, 13(2/3), 136–145.
Abstract: This paper discusses legal issues associated with the seclusion of acutely disturbed patients in psychiatric hospitals in Australia and New Zealand. There continues to be great variation in opinion and operational definition as to whether seclusion is a medical treatment, nursing intervention and management tool, or merely a form of situational restraint. Reflecting this lack of clarity, mental health acts and policies concerning the regulation and practice of seclusion lack consistency and focus across geographical boundaries and jurisdictions. Australian and New Zealand legislation and institutional policy is discussed in order to shed light on the contemporary issues highlighted by this controversial nursing practice. The authors note that mental health professionals must continue to review the practice of seclusion and to actively promote the use of acceptable alternatives. In addition nurses and other mental health professionals have a responsibility to understand current legislation and policy frameworks and to influence change where this is necessary to ensure the best practice possible in their clinical area.
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Milligan, K., & Neville, S. J. (2001). Health assessment and its relationship to nursing practice in New Zealand. Contemporary Nurse, 10(1/2), 7–11.
Abstract: This article draws on Australian experience to gain insight to three specific areas of health assessment that are topical in New Zealand, which has recently introduced the concept into nursing training. The issues are annual registration based on evidence of competence to practice, a review of undergraduate curricula, and the development of nurse practitioner/advanced nurse practitioner roles. The meaning of the concept 'health assessment' is also clarified in order to provide consistency as new initiatives in nursing are currently being developed.
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Milligan, K., & Neville, S. J. (2003). The contextualisation of health assessment. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 19(1), 23–31.
Abstract: The authors defines health assessment and argue that it is a tool nurses should be using as a means of improving health outcomes for clients. The skills involved in health assessments are analysed, and four levels of data gathering are identified. The authors present an historical perspective, tracing the development of these skills as they have been incorporated in nursing practice in North America and Australia.
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McKenna, B., & Poole, S. (2001). Debating forensic mental health nursing [corrected] (Vol. 7).
Abstract: Forensic mental health nursing roles have developed along different lines in the United States and the United Kingdom. The authors suggest that New Zealand nurses consider the evolution of such roles here.
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Horrocks, T. (2001). Implementing change combining Maori and Western knowledge in health delivery. Vision: A Journal of Nursing, 7(13), 37–41.
Abstract: This article explores the incorporation of western knowledge with kaupapa Maori in the delivery of health care. It presents a fictional kaupapa Maori service, as a tool to explore the change process and influence that organisational culture and leadership styles have on a process of integrating a kaupapa Maori nursing service. The importance of continual evaluation through quality assurance measures was also conveyed.
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Hales, A., & Dignam, D. (2002). Nurse prescribing lessons from the US. Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand, 8(10), 12–15.
Abstract: The researchers present a survey of a sample population of 32 advanced practice nurses (APN) in the US about their experiences of acquiring and implementing prescriptive authority. The issues relevant to nurse practitioners in New Zealand are discussed, around acquiring knowledge and education, relationships with other professionals, establishing the role, and retaining the nursing role. The intent and scope of APN prescribing in the US is also discussed.
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Giddings, D. L. S. (2005). Health disparities, social injustice, and the culture of nursing. Nursing Research, 54(5), 304–312.
Abstract: The aim of this cross-cultural study was to collect stories of difference and fairness within nursing. The study used a life history methodology informed by feminist theory and critical social theory. Life story interviews were conducted with 26 women nurses of varying racial, cultural, sexual identity, and specialty backgrounds in the United States (n = 13) and Aotearoa New Zealand (n = 13). Participants reported having some understanding of social justice issues. They were asked to reflect on their experience of difference and fairness in their lives and specifically within nursing. Their stories were analysed using a life history immersion method. Nursing remains attached to the ideological construction of the “White good nurse.” Taken-for-granted ideals privilege those who fit in and marginalise those who do not. The nurses who experienced discrimination and unfairness, survived by living in two worlds, learned to live in contradiction, and worked surreptitiously for social justice. For nurses to contribute to changing the systems and structures that maintain health disparities, the privilege of not seeing difference and the processes of mainstream violence that support the construction of the “White good nurse” must be challenged. Nurses need skills to deconstruct the marginalising social processes that sustain inequalities in nursing and healthcare. These hidden realities-racism, sexism, heterosexism, and other forms of discrimination-will then be made visible and open to challenge.
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Flynn, L., Carryer, J. B., & Budge, C. (2005). Organisational attributes valued by hospital, home care, and district nurses in the United States and New Zealand. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 37(1), 67–72.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether hospital-based, home care, and district nurses identify a core set of organisational attributes in the nursing work environment that they value as important to the support of professional practice. Survey data, collected in 2002 2003 from 403 home care nurses in the United States and 320 district nurses in New Zealand, were pooled with an existing data set of 669 hospital-based nurses to conduct this descriptive, nonexperimental study. The importance of organisational attributes in the nursing work environment was measured using the Nursing Work Index-Revised (NWI-R). The authors found that at least 80% of hospital-based, home care, and district nurses either agreed or strongly agreed that 47 of the 49 items comprising the NWI-R represented organisational attributes they considered important to the support of their professional nursing practice. Mean importance scores among home care nurses, however, were significantly lower than were those of the other two groups. The authors conclude that the overall, hospital-based, home care, and district nurses had a high level of agreement regarding the importance of organisational traits to the support of their professional practice. The intensity of the attributes' importance was less among home care nurses. Further research is needed to determine whether this set of organisational traits, measured using the NWI-R, is associated with positive nurse and patient outcomes in home care and district nursing practice, as has been shown in acute care settings.
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