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Mustafa, M., Adams, S., Bareham, C., & Carryer, J. (2021). Employing nurse practitioners in general practice: an exploratory survey of the perspectives of managers. Journal of Primary Health Care, 13(3). Retrieved June 28, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc21036
Abstract: Explores the perspectives of practice managers on employing nurse practitioners (NP) in general practice. Uses an electronic survey to collect demographic and numerical data, which were analysed descriptively and analytically using SPSS (version 26). Written answers to open-ended questions were analysed qualitatively.
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Adams, S., Boyd, M., Carryer, J., Bareham, C., & Tenbensel, T. (2020). A survey of the NP workforce in primary healthcare settings in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, 133(1523). Retrieved June 28, 2024, from https://hdl.handle.net/2292/54716
Abstract: Describes the demographics, distribution, clinical settings and employment arrangements of the NZ nurse practitioner (NP) workforce in primary healthcare settings, and organisational factors limiting their practice. Surveys 160 NPs and finds that general practice and aged residential care were the most common clinical settings.
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Adams, S., Oster, S., & Davis, J. (2022). The training and education of nurse practitioners in Aotearoa New Zealand: Time for nationwide refresh [editorial]. Nursing Praxis in Aotearoa New Zealand, 38(1). Retrieved June 28, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org.10.36951/27034542.2022.01
Abstract: Argues that the following measures must be taken to ensure the ongoing development and establishment of nurse practitioners (NP) across the health sector: review of NP competencies; support for NPs to undertake the nurse practitioner training programme
(NPTP); formation of nationally-consistent and funded NPTPs; mentoring novice NPs; and a national workforce plan for NPs.
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Adams, S. (2017). Nurse practitioners in rural primary health care in New Zealand : an institutional ethnography. Ph.D. thesis, Massey University, Auckland. Retrieved June 28, 2024, from http://hdl.handle.net/10179/12816
Abstract: Critically examines the work required to establish nurse practitioner (NP) services in rural primary health care in NZ, using the institutional ethnography approach to the inquiry. Explores the work and experiences that nurses undertook to become NPs delivering rural primary health care services. Considers how these were institutionally-shaped and coordinated. Conducts interviews with a total of 13 NPs and four NP candidates.
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Laidlaw, R., & Mercer, C. (2022). Nurse practitioners: does home visiting improve outcomes for people living with long-term conditions. Kai Tiaki Nursing Research, 13(1), 39–41.
Abstract: Explores the potential for nurse practitioners (NP) in NZ to visit people diagnosed with chronic condiitons at home. Evaluates whether home-visiting NPs could provide primary care in place of GPs. Conducts a review of research comprising three themes: reduced barriers to care, improved health outcomes, and role clarity for NPs.
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Gagan, M. J., Boyd, M., Wysocki, K., & and Williams, D. J. (2014). The first decade of nurse practitioners in New Zealand: A survey of an evolving practice. JAANP, 26(11). Retrieved June 28, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2327-6924.12166
Abstract: Provides an overview of the practices and outcomes of nurse practitioners (NP) across a variety of healthcare specialties since NPs were first registered in 2002. Uses the PEPPA model as a guide for the organisation of data, the discussion of findings, and recommendations for the future.
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Gardner, A., Hase, S., Gardner, G., Dunn, S., & Carryer, J. B. (2008). From competence to capability: A study of nurse practitioners in clinical practice. Author copy available 12 months after publication from QUT ePrints, 17(2), 250–258.
Abstract: This research aimed to understand the level and scope of practice of the nurse practitioner in Australia and New Zealand further using a capability framework. The original study, from which the present paper was developed, sought to identify competency standards for the extended role of the nurse practitioner in Australia and New Zealand. In doing so the researchers became aware that while competencies described many of the characteristics of the nurse practitioner they did not manage to tell the whole story. In a search of the literature, the concept of capability appeared to provide a potentially useful construct to describe the attributes of the nurse practitioner that went beyond competence. A secondary analysis of data obtained from the interviews with 15 nurse practitioners working in Australia and New Zealand was undertaken. The analysis showed that capability and its dimensions is a useful model for describing the advanced level attributes of nurse practitioners. Thus, nurse practitioners described elements of their practice that involved: using their competences in novel and complex situations as well as the familiar; being creative and innovative; knowing how to learn; having a high level of self-efficacy; and working well in teams. This study suggests dimensions of capability need to be considered in the education and evaluation of nurse practitioners.
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Jones, B. (2000). Saving lives and changing dirty nappies: Illuminating nursing in the neonatal nurse practitioner role: The New Zealand experience. Ph.D. thesis, , .
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Betts, J. A. (2005). Establishing and evaluating a nurse practitioner leg ulcer clinic: The journey. Ph.D. thesis, , .
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Davies, M. (2005). Lived experiences of nurses as they engage in practice at an advanced level within emergency departments in New Zealand. Ph.D. thesis, , .
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Carryer, J. B., & Boyd, M. (2003). The myth of medical liability for nursing practice. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 19(4-12), 4–12.
Abstract: This article explores the complex nature of liability in the case of standing orders and vicarious liability by employers, and also when nurses and doctors are in management roles. The authors address misconceptions about medico-legal responsibility for nursing practice with the advent of nurse prescribers and nurse practitioners. They refer to the submission made by the College of Nurses Aotearoa (NZ) on the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act (2003), and discuss practice liability and nurse-physician collaboration.
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McPherson, G., Horsburgh, M., & Tracy, C. (2005). A clinical audit of a nurse colposcopist: Colposcopy, cytology, histology correlation. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 21(3), 13–23.
Abstract: A clinical audit was undertaken to assess the diagnostic skills of the nurse colposcopist measuring colposcopy: histology: cytology correlation. At National Women's Health the first New Zealand nurse colposcopist training programme was developed in 2000. A retrospective audit of the colposcopy clinical records was performed during the nurse's training programme between July 2000 and March 2002. An 82% (82/100) histology: cytology: colposcopy correlation was achieved by the nurse in the third phase of her training programme. The results are comparable with other reported studies involving medical and nurse colposcopists. Expertise in colposcopy examination can be incorporated into the broader role of a Nurse Practitioner working in the area of women's health.
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Wilkinson, J. A. (2007). The New Zealand nurse practitioner polemic: A discourse analysis. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: The purpose of this research has been to trace the development of the nurse practitioner role in New Zealand. Using a discourse analytical approach informed by the work of Michel Foucault, the study foregrounds the discourses that have constructed the nurse practitioner role within the New Zealand social and political context. The author suggests that discourses of nursing and of medicine have established systems of disciplinary practices that produce nurses and physicians within defined role boundaries, not because of legislation, but because discourse has constructed certain rules. The nurse practitioner role transcends those boundaries and offers the possibility of a new and potentially more liberating identity for nurses and nursing. A plural approach of both textuality and discursivity was used to guide the analysis of texts chosen from published literature and from nine interviews conducted with individuals who have been influential in the unfolding of the nurse practitioner role. Both professionally and industrially and in academic and regulatory terms dating back to the Nurses Registration Act, 1901, the political discourses and disciplinary practices serving to position nurses in the health care sector and to represent nursing are examined. The play of these forces has created an interstice from which the nurse practitioner role in New Zealand could emerge. In combination with a new state regime of primary health care, the notion of an autonomous nursing profession in both practice and regulation has challenged medicine's traditional right to surveillance of nursing practice. Through a kind of regulated freedom, the availability of assessment, diagnostic and prescribing practices within a nursing discourse signals a radical shift in how nursing can be represented. The author concludes that the nurse practitioner polemic has revolutionised the nursing subject, and may in turn lead to a qualitatively different health service.
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Jacobs, S., & Boddy, J. M. (2008). The genesis of advanced nursing practice in New Zealand: Policy, politics and education. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 24(1 (Mar)), 11–22.
Abstract: This contemporary historical study examines the health sector environment of the 1990s and the turn of the 21st century, and assesses the policy initiatives undertaken to advance nursing in New Zealand during that period. The authors look at the conditions and forces that saw nursing achieve a new emphasis on advanced and expanded scope of nursing practice, less than a decade after the commencement of New Zealand's first pre-registration nursing degrees.
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Spence, D., & Anderson, M. (2007). Implementing a prescribing practicum within a Master's degree in advanced nursing practice. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 23(2), 27–42.
Abstract: This article reports the implementation of a collaborative project undertaken to monitor and improve the effectiveness of the prescribing practicum papers delivered within two Master's degree programmes in advanced nursing practice. The recent introduction of Nurse Practitioner registration in New Zealand has resulted in the development of a number of Master's degree programmes in which students can complete a Nursing Council of New Zealand approved programme for prescribing. For the study, a developmental action research approach was used. Data were collected through interviews with practicum students, their medical supervisors and academic staff. Formative findings were progressively used to refine delivery of the practicum papers and a thematic analysis of summative findings identified areas for further improvement. The findings suggest that the processes being implemented are developing well. The researchers recommend that further education is required to clearly differentiate medical and advanced nursing roles. They recommend that greater attention needs to be paid to the preparation of medical supervisors and, most significantly, revision of funding is required to more equitably support the ongoing development of nurses for advanced practice roles.
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