Smith, M. C. (2008). Reviewing the role of a mental health nurse practitioner. Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand, 14(3), 20–22.
Abstract: The author describes his experience of five years as a nurse practitioner in mental health at Waikato District Health Board. A recent review of the role gave him the opportunity to reflect on the learning associated with assuming the nurse practitioner role. A key area of learning has been in negotiating the shifting responsibilities and changing relationships associated with his role as an nurse practitioner and also as a Responsible Clinician, a role traditionally held by psychiatrists. The Responsible Clinician role is a statutory one under the Mental Health Act (1992), generally performed by psychiatrists but open to other suitably qualified professionals. He reports the results of a review based on feedback from fellow professionals, clients and their families, along with quantitative data from basic statistics connected to the role, such as a time and motion study. The review asked fellow professionals to rate the performance of the nurse practitioner against the Nursing Council competencies. These results indicate the nurse practitioner role is of some value and that other professionals and clients seem satisfied with the role. There is some evidence it is delivering outcomes acceptable to clients and other professionals. The study has many limitations which are discussed, such as a poor response rate and short time frame. Further research is planned to evaluate this role.
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Litchfield, M. (1998). Professional development: Developing a new model of integrated care. Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand, 4(9), 23–25.
Abstract: An overview of the model of nursing practice and nurse roles derived through a programme of nursing research in the context of the policy and strategies directing developments in the New Zealand health system. The emphsis was on the health service configuration model presented diagrammatically to show the position of a new role of family nurse with a distinct form of practice forming the hub.
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Spence, D., & Anderson, M. (2007). Implementing a prescribing practicum within a Master's degree in advanced nursing practice. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 23(2), 27–42.
Abstract: This article reports the implementation of a collaborative project undertaken to monitor and improve the effectiveness of the prescribing practicum papers delivered within two Master's degree programmes in advanced nursing practice. The recent introduction of Nurse Practitioner registration in New Zealand has resulted in the development of a number of Master's degree programmes in which students can complete a Nursing Council of New Zealand approved programme for prescribing. For the study, a developmental action research approach was used. Data were collected through interviews with practicum students, their medical supervisors and academic staff. Formative findings were progressively used to refine delivery of the practicum papers and a thematic analysis of summative findings identified areas for further improvement. The findings suggest that the processes being implemented are developing well. The researchers recommend that further education is required to clearly differentiate medical and advanced nursing roles. They recommend that greater attention needs to be paid to the preparation of medical supervisors and, most significantly, revision of funding is required to more equitably support the ongoing development of nurses for advanced practice roles.
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Jacobs, S. (2003). Advanced nursing practice: Time and meaning. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 19(3), 29–39.
Abstract: The particular, contemporary meanings ascribed to “advanced nursing practice” in New Zealand have been debated and delineated in the 1990s, culminating in the launch of the nurse practitioner role at a conference sponsored by the Ministry of Health and the Nursing Council of New Zealand in August, 2001. Drawing on archival materials, documents, other texts and voices, this article explores the evolution of connotations and meanings of the word “advanced” as applied to nursing in New Zealand. The focus is on clinical practice, research, teaching, consulting, higher education, and advancement of the profession. Historical aspects of advancement in New Zealand nursing are examined, including registration, unsupervised practice, technical specialisation, and career development.
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Adams, S., Boyd, M., Carryer, J., Bareham, C., & Tenbensel, T. (2020). A survey of the NP workforce in primary healthcare settings in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, 133(1523).
Abstract: Describes the demographics, distribution, clinical settings and employment arrangements of the NZ nurse practitioner (NP) workforce in primary healthcare settings, and organisational factors limiting their practice. Surveys 160 NPs and finds that general practice and aged residential care were the most common clinical settings.
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Rook, H., Hales, C., Milligan, K., & Jones, M. (2021). Dr Jill Wilkinson's discourse analysis of the sources of power and agency for nursing. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 37(1). Retrieved June 24, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36951/27034542.2021.012
Abstract: Highlights two articles written by Jill Wilkinson in 2008 pertaining to the Ministerial Taskforce on Nursing in 1998, in which she discusses the conflict between autonomy and unionism in nursing and the development of the nurse practitioner (NP) role. Considers the ongoing challenges to establish NP toles in mainstream health services.
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Laidlaw, R., & Mercer, C. (2022). Nurse practitioners: does home visiting improve outcomes for people living with long-term conditions. Kai Tiaki Nursing Research, 13(1), 39–41.
Abstract: Explores the potential for nurse practitioners (NP) in NZ to visit people diagnosed with chronic condiitons at home. Evaluates whether home-visiting NPs could provide primary care in place of GPs. Conducts a review of research comprising three themes: reduced barriers to care, improved health outcomes, and role clarity for NPs.
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McElroy, J. Maternity outcomes and access following regulatory changes for Isotretinoin prescribing in New Zealand (Vol. 2017). Master's thesis, University of Otago, .
Abstract: Analyses retrospective prescription data for the years 2007-2015 to determine how access to isotretinoin altered before and after funded access was extended from dermatologists to include GPs and nurse practitioners who obtained a Special Authority. Assesses maternity outcomes for females dispensed the drug with regard to pregnancy terminations and isotretinoin-exposed live births. Examines outcomes based on type of prescriber and use or otherwise of the Best Practice Advocacy Centre (BPAC) electronic isotretinoin decision-support tool.
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Gubb, A. (2020). Rural nurse practitioner role to improve outcomes for Thames-Coromandel community. Master's thesis, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland.
Abstract: Maintains that the Nurse Practitioner (NP) role has the potential to achieve more equitable outcomes for rural populations, particularly for older adults in their transition from hospital to the rural setting. Examines how NPs can reduce readmissions, from a thematic analysis of the literature using a realist synthesis approach, focusing on the Thames Coromandel rural community. Derives three themes from the analysis: self-efficacy, holistic care, and care grounded in nursing philosophy.
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Alcorn, G. (2007). The youth health specialty in New Zealand: Collaborative practice and future development. The Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners website, 34(3), 162–167.
Abstract: This paper details the workforce capacity of youth health nursing and medical staffing required for community-based and school-based youth health services. The author shows how youth health services seek to complement the care delivered by Primary Health Organisations (PHOs) and other allied health care services in the community. She outlines the development and operation at VIBE, a community-based youth health service in the Hutt Valley with school-based youth health services delivered at four low deciles secondary schools. She explains that developing workforce capacity for youth health services is a primary health care priority and an important means to address inequalities and to improve the health services of young people.
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Holloway, K. T. (2011). Development of a specialist nursing framework for New Zealand. Doctoral thesis, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Abstract: Expresses concern that inconsistent specialist nursing workforce planning and pathways for nursing practice development will adversely affect needed service provision for the population. Reports the outcomes of research, which suggests an alternate approach through the development of a single unified capability framework for specialist nursing practice in NZ. Uses a qualitative descriptive and exploratory multi-method enquiry approach to review extant understandings and develop a consensus framework, identifying the essential elements required for a single national framework for specialist nursing in NZ. Widens the understanding of a more holistic approach to specialist nursing development, which holds great promise for the specialist nursing workforce in NZ and internationally.
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Poot, B., Nelson, K., Zonneveld, R., & Weatherall, M. (2020). Potentially inappropriate medicine prescribing by nurse practitioners in New Zealand. JAANP, 32(3). Retrieved June 24, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.0000000000000239
Abstract: Reports the prescribing of potentially-inappropriate medicines (PIM) to older adults (> 65 years). Undertakes a subset analysis of data from the Ministry of Health pharmaceutical collection for the years 2013-2015. Includes nurse practitioner (NP) registration number, medicines dispensed, patient age, gender and NZ Deprivation level. Uses the Beers 2015 criteria to identify PIM. Details the medicines most commonly inappropriately prescribed.
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Gardner, A., Hase, S., Gardner, G., Dunn, S., & Carryer, J. B. (2008). From competence to capability: A study of nurse practitioners in clinical practice. Author copy available 12 months after publication from QUT ePrints, 17(2), 250–258.
Abstract: This research aimed to understand the level and scope of practice of the nurse practitioner in Australia and New Zealand further using a capability framework. The original study, from which the present paper was developed, sought to identify competency standards for the extended role of the nurse practitioner in Australia and New Zealand. In doing so the researchers became aware that while competencies described many of the characteristics of the nurse practitioner they did not manage to tell the whole story. In a search of the literature, the concept of capability appeared to provide a potentially useful construct to describe the attributes of the nurse practitioner that went beyond competence. A secondary analysis of data obtained from the interviews with 15 nurse practitioners working in Australia and New Zealand was undertaken. The analysis showed that capability and its dimensions is a useful model for describing the advanced level attributes of nurse practitioners. Thus, nurse practitioners described elements of their practice that involved: using their competences in novel and complex situations as well as the familiar; being creative and innovative; knowing how to learn; having a high level of self-efficacy; and working well in teams. This study suggests dimensions of capability need to be considered in the education and evaluation of nurse practitioners.
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Mustafa, M., Adams, S., Bareham, C., & Carryer, J. (2021). Employing nurse practitioners in general practice: an exploratory survey of the perspectives of managers. Journal of Primary Health Care, 13(3). Retrieved June 24, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc21036
Abstract: Explores the perspectives of practice managers on employing nurse practitioners (NP) in general practice. Uses an electronic survey to collect demographic and numerical data, which were analysed descriptively and analytically using SPSS (version 26). Written answers to open-ended questions were analysed qualitatively.
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Pirret, A. M. (2013). Nurse practitioner diagnostic reasoning. Ph.D. thesis, Massey University, Palmerston Nursing.
Abstract: Uses a post-positivist mixed-methods convergent-parallel design to explore nurse practitioner diagnostic reasoning and compare it to that of registrars. Includes 30 nurse practitioners and 16 registrars in a case scenario. Outlines nurse practitioner practice in NZ and how the NZ title of nurse practitioner differs from that used internationally.
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