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Hylton, J. A. (2005). Relearning how to learn: Enrolled nurse transition to degree at a New Zealand rural satellite campus. Nurse Education Today, 25(7), 519–526.
Abstract: This paper reports a study that examined the factors that assisted or hindered the transition of a group of enrolled nurses to registration/degree programmes, via a flexible course developed by a North Island tertiary institution. The study follows ten enrolled nurses, primarily Maori and working in rural settings, as they continued to work while studying at a small satellite campus. The study was exploratory and descriptive, and utilised focus group interviews. Two major categories emerged from comparative analysis of the data. One category entitled 'relearning how to learn', demonstrated the cognitive and behavioural adaptations made and is the focus of this paper. The other category 'barriers and catapults', demonstrated the physical and environmental factors that influenced the students' transition but is outside the scope of this paper. Recent changes in New Zealand nursing education have witnessed the clarification of scopes of nursing practice and the controversial development of a new Certificate in Health Science (Nurse Assistant). Currently enrolled nurses are again facing threats to employment and it is envisaged that many will be seeking to undertake transition to registered nurse in the near future.
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Richardson, F. I., & Carryer, J. B. (2005). Teaching cultural safety in a New Zealand nursing education program. Journal of Nursing Education, 44(5), 201–208.
Abstract: This article describes the findings of a research study on the experience of teaching cultural safety. As a teacher of cultural safety, the first author was interested in exploring the experience of teaching the topic with other cultural safety teachers. A qualitative approach situated in a critical theory paradigm was used for the study. The study was informed by the ideas of Foucault and feminist theory. Fourteen women between ages 20 and 60 were interviewed about their experience of teaching cultural safety. Five women were Maori and 9 were Pakeha. Following data analysis, three major themes were identified: that the Treaty of Waitangi provides for an examination of power in cultural safety education; that the broad concept of difference influences the experience of teaching cultural safety; and that the experience of teaching cultural safety has personal, professional, and political dimensions. These dimensions were experienced differently by Maori and Pakeha teachers.
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Webby, A. (2008). Should non-Maori research and write about Maori? Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand, 14(5), 20–21.
Abstract: The author examines the complexities surrounding non-Maori nurse researchers working on Maori issues. She suggests that as long as respect and observation of Maori processes is shown, and work is undertaken collaboratively with Maori, then such a role is appropriate.
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Horsburgh, M., Merry, A., Seddon, M., Baker, H., Poole, P., Shaw, J., et al. (2006). Educating for healthcare quality improvement in an interprofessional learning environment: A New Zealand initiative. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 20(5), 555–557.
Abstract: This article describes two interprofessional learning modules offered by the Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences at the University of Auckland to undergraduate medicine, nursing and pharmacy students. The modules, 'Maori Health“ and ”Patient Safety", have a focus on quality improvement in healthcare and are used to bring together students for a shared learning programme.The specific dimensions of healthcare quality covered in the programme are: patient safety, equity, access, effectiveness, efficacy and patient-centeredness.
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Wepa, D. (2003). An exploration of the experiences of cultural safety educators in New Zealand: An action research approach. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 14(4), 339–348.
Abstract: This research is a study of the experiences of four cultural safety educators in nursing education in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Action research methods assisted the participants to implement change in their practice and gain positive personal involvement in the study. Reflective diaries provided the major tool in this process as participants were able to achieve at least one action research cycle by identifying issues, planning action, observing the action, and reflecting. The findings of the research revealed that the participants not only coped with everyday stressors of teaching but were also required to formulate knowledge for cultural safety. For the Maori participants, their stress was confounded with recruiting and retaining Maori students and macro issues such as commitment to their iwi (tribe). Lack of support to teach cultural safety was identified to be a key theme for all participants. An analysis of this theme revealed that many issues were organisational in nature and out of their control. Action research provided a change strategy for participants to have a sense of control of issues within their practice. Recommendations include the following: support for cultural safety educators to have a dialogue on a regular basis, the introduction of nurse educator programmes, paid leave provisions for educators to conduct and publish research so that a body of knowledge can be developed, and that Maori cultural safety educators be recognised for their professional and cultural strengths so that they do not fall victim to burnout.
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Pitama, S., Robertson, P., Cram, F., Gillies, M., Huria, T., & Dalla-Katoa, W. (2007). Meihana model: A clinical assessment framework. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 36(3), 118–125.
Abstract: In 1984 Mason Durie documented a framework for understanding Maori health, Te Whare Tapa Wha, which has subsequently become embedded in Maori health policy. This article presents a specific assessment framework, the Meihana Model, which encompasses the four original cornerstones of Te Whare Tapa Wha, and inserts two additional elements. These form a practice model (alongside Maori beliefs, values and experiences) to guide clinical assessment and intervention with Maori clients and whanau accessing mental health services. This paper outlines the rationale for and background of the Meihana Model and then describes each dimension: whanau, wairua, tinana, hinengaro, taiao and iwi katoa. The model provides a basis for a more comprehensive assessment of clients/whanau to underpin appropriate treatment decisions.
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Spence, D. (2001). The evolving meaning of 'culture' in New Zealand nursing. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 17(3), 51–61.
Abstract: The author traces the nursing definition of biculturalism as it has evolved from the colonial period to the present. An examination of nursing literature demonstrates that local understandings of culture have matured beyond anthropological interpretations to a sociopolitical definition of Maori culture. The author suggests that, in nursing, culture has come to mean cultural safety.
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Framp, A. (2006). Diffuse gastric cancer. Gastroenterology Nursing, 29(3), 232–238.
Abstract: This article provides an overview of gastric cancer using a unique case study involving a Maori family genetically predisposed to diffuse gastric cancer. The pathophysiology of diffuse gastric cancer, including prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment, along with important patient considerations is highlighted.
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Spence, D. (2003). Nursing people from cultures other than one's own: A perspective from New Zealand. Contemporary Nurse, 15(3), 222–231.
Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the evolving meaning of 'culture' in New Zealand nursing. Then, drawing upon the findings of research that used hermeneutic phenomenology to explore the experience of nursing people from cultures other than one's own, a description of the constituent parts is of this phenomenon is briefly outlined and followed by an exemplar that describes the coalescent and contradictory nature of the phenomenon as a whole. As New Zealand nurses negotiate the conflicts essential for ongoing development of their practice, interplay of the notions of prejudice, paradox and possibility is evident at intrapersonal and interpersonal levels as well as in relation to professional and other discourses.
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Wilson, D. (2003). The nurse's role in improving indigenous health. Contemporary Nurse, 15(3), 232–240.
Abstract: The health status of indigenous peoples is a global concern with mortality and hospitalisation data indicating that the health of indigenous groups falls below that of other ethnic groups within their countries. The preliminary findings of grounded theory research project undertaken with a group of 23 New Zealand Maori women about their health priorities and 'mainstream' health service needs provide the foundation for an exploration of issues impacting on the health status of indigenous people. The role that nursing and nurses have in improving access and use of health services by indigenous people is discussed. Strategies are suggested that nurses can utilise within their practice when working with local indigenous groups.
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Ripekapaia Gloria Ryan, & Wilson, D. (2010). Nga tukitanga mai koka ki tona ira : Maori mothers and child to mother violence. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 26(3), 25–35.
Abstract: Explores the experiences of Maori mothers who have been abused by a son or daughter using a qualitative descriptive research design based on kaupapa Maori methodology. Conducts semi-structured interviews with five Maori mothers, recording their experiences of abuse by a child, and its impact on the whanau/family. Analyses the interview transcripts for common themes. Highlights the importance of nurses in facilitating whanau ora (family wellbeing).
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Foxall, D. (2013). Barriers in education of indigenous nursing students : a literature review. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 29(3), 18–30.
Abstract: Reports the findings of a review of the literature that sought to identify key barriers for indigenous tertiary nursing students in NZ. Reveals the barriers to recruitment and retention of nursing students, and strategies to overcome them. Stresses the need for partnerships between academic institutes and indigenous communities to ensure the provision of a culturally-safe environment for Maori nursing students.
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Janssen, J., & Nelson, K. (2014). Meeting the needs of Maori with diabetes : evaluation of a nurse-led service. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 30(3), 6–18.
Abstract: Explores the effectiveness and acceptability of a nurse-led Maori diabetes programme run by Te Hauora O Ngati Rarua for their clients. Uses embedded case study evaluation to assess the programme in relation to the Wagner Chronic Care Model. Confirms the importance of providing culturally-appropriate health services by Maori specialist nurses.
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Cook, C., Clark, T., & Brunton, M. (2014). Optimising cultural safety and comfort during gynaecological examinations : accounts of indigenous Maori women. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 30(3), 19–34.
Abstract: Undertakes a thematic analysis to highlight Maori women's perspectives on health and wellbeing. Identifies 6 key themes in the data: mihi (initial engagement), whakawhanaungatanga (belonging through relationships of shared experience), kaupapa (consultations' main purpose), tapu (sacred and set apart), embodied memories, manawahine (women's knowledge and authority). Asks women about those approaches used by non-indigenous clinicians, receptionists and service providers that enhanced their experiences of cultural safety during sexual health consultations and gynaecological examinations.
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Gifford, H., Wilson, D., & Boulton, A. (2014). Maori perspectives : a deep understanding of nursing and smoking. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 30(3), 35–44.
Abstract: Conducts in-depth qualitative interviews with 43 Maori nurses to explore their perceptions and experiences of smoking and quitting, and their views on the impact of smoking on their roles as nurses. Elicits five themes: social context of smoking, identity conflict, impact on practice, experience of smoking, and experience of quitting.
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