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Gagan, M. J., Boyd, M., Wysocki, K., & and Williams, D. J. (2014). The first decade of nurse practitioners in New Zealand: A survey of an evolving practice. JAANP, 26(11). Retrieved July 3, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2327-6924.12166
Abstract: Provides an overview of the practices and outcomes of nurse practitioners (NP) across a variety of healthcare specialties since NPs were first registered in 2002. Uses the PEPPA model as a guide for the organisation of data, the discussion of findings, and recommendations for the future.
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Adams, S., Oster, S., & Davis, J. (2022). The training and education of nurse practitioners in Aotearoa New Zealand: Time for nationwide refresh [editorial]. Nursing Praxis in Aotearoa New Zealand, 38(1). Retrieved July 3, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org.10.36951/27034542.2022.01
Abstract: Argues that the following measures must be taken to ensure the ongoing development and establishment of nurse practitioners (NP) across the health sector: review of NP competencies; support for NPs to undertake the nurse practitioner training programme
(NPTP); formation of nationally-consistent and funded NPTPs; mentoring novice NPs; and a national workforce plan for NPs.
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Holloway, K. T. (2011). Development of a specialist nursing framework for New Zealand. Doctoral thesis, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia. Retrieved July 3, 2024, from http://hdl.handle.net/10453/20322
Abstract: Expresses concern that inconsistent specialist nursing workforce planning and pathways for nursing practice development will adversely affect needed service provision for the population. Reports the outcomes of research, which suggests an alternate approach through the development of a single unified capability framework for specialist nursing practice in NZ. Uses a qualitative descriptive and exploratory multi-method enquiry approach to review extant understandings and develop a consensus framework, identifying the essential elements required for a single national framework for specialist nursing in NZ. Widens the understanding of a more holistic approach to specialist nursing development, which holds great promise for the specialist nursing workforce in NZ and internationally.
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Hewson, J. (2004). Professional support for the nurse practitioner in New Zealand. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: The nurse practitioner role is an important addition to nursing workforce development in New Zealand. At present there are relatively few nurse practitioners, however the number of nurses seeking Nursing Council endorsement continues to grow. These nurses are in a unique situation as pioneers having achieved the highest level of autonomous advanced nursing practice. This position will bring with it many challenges for those nurses who are among the first in the profession. Traditionally, nurses have always had formal and informal methods of support such as preceptors, role models and the hierarchy of nursing to help and guide them in their work. This network has generally been comprised of nurses more senior and qualified than the nurse needing support. Yet the nurse practitioner, considered to be the leading clinical nurse in New Zealand, may have very limited resources available for the clinical support needed to sustain their professional practice while keeping them refreshed, curious, creative and committed. The intent of this dissertation is to provide a framework of supportive mechanisms on which the emerging nurse practitioner can draw in their new professional domain throughout their career. The author explores the meaning of support, why there is a need for support for the nurse practitioner, the various methods of support noted in current literature and how these various methods can enhance the nurse practitioner's professional growth and development, maintain clinical safety, and foster job satisfaction.
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Laidlaw, R., & Mercer, C. (2022). Nurse practitioners: does home visiting improve outcomes for people living with long-term conditions. Kai Tiaki Nursing Research, 13(1), 39–41.
Abstract: Explores the potential for nurse practitioners (NP) in NZ to visit people diagnosed with chronic condiitons at home. Evaluates whether home-visiting NPs could provide primary care in place of GPs. Conducts a review of research comprising three themes: reduced barriers to care, improved health outcomes, and role clarity for NPs.
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Jacobs, S. (2005). Advanced nursing practice and the nurse practitioner: New Zealand nursing's professional project in the late 20th century. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: This thesis examines the forces influencing the development of contemporary advanced nursing practice in New Zealand. It begins with an historical approach to explore the various meanings of advanced nursing practice from the late 1800s through the first years of the 21st century. Seven historical understandings of the meaning of 'advanced' nursing practice emerge. The author's analysis of the broad scope of New Zealand nursing history, including a case study of the development and implementation of the nurse practitioner, draws on theoretical perspectives from sociology, political science, and nursing. She develops a “framework of critical factors for nursing to take into account when considering how to ensure the profession is able to deliver on its great potential to improve the health of New Zealand communities”. Examining the work of a range of nursing leaders, past and present, and drawing on the work of political scientist, John Kingdon, the author describes the work of several nurses as “policy entrepreneurship.”
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Jacobs, S., & Boddy, J. M. (2008). The genesis of advanced nursing practice in New Zealand: Policy, politics and education. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 24(1 (Mar)), 11–22.
Abstract: This contemporary historical study examines the health sector environment of the 1990s and the turn of the 21st century, and assesses the policy initiatives undertaken to advance nursing in New Zealand during that period. The authors look at the conditions and forces that saw nursing achieve a new emphasis on advanced and expanded scope of nursing practice, less than a decade after the commencement of New Zealand's first pre-registration nursing degrees.
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Wilkinson, J. A. (2007). The New Zealand nurse practitioner polemic: A discourse analysis. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: The purpose of this research has been to trace the development of the nurse practitioner role in New Zealand. Using a discourse analytical approach informed by the work of Michel Foucault, the study foregrounds the discourses that have constructed the nurse practitioner role within the New Zealand social and political context. The author suggests that discourses of nursing and of medicine have established systems of disciplinary practices that produce nurses and physicians within defined role boundaries, not because of legislation, but because discourse has constructed certain rules. The nurse practitioner role transcends those boundaries and offers the possibility of a new and potentially more liberating identity for nurses and nursing. A plural approach of both textuality and discursivity was used to guide the analysis of texts chosen from published literature and from nine interviews conducted with individuals who have been influential in the unfolding of the nurse practitioner role. Both professionally and industrially and in academic and regulatory terms dating back to the Nurses Registration Act, 1901, the political discourses and disciplinary practices serving to position nurses in the health care sector and to represent nursing are examined. The play of these forces has created an interstice from which the nurse practitioner role in New Zealand could emerge. In combination with a new state regime of primary health care, the notion of an autonomous nursing profession in both practice and regulation has challenged medicine's traditional right to surveillance of nursing practice. Through a kind of regulated freedom, the availability of assessment, diagnostic and prescribing practices within a nursing discourse signals a radical shift in how nursing can be represented. The author concludes that the nurse practitioner polemic has revolutionised the nursing subject, and may in turn lead to a qualitatively different health service.
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Mearns, G. (2005). Developing autonomous ownership: A grounded theory study of how registered nurses working in aged care are advancing their nursing practice. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: The introduction of nurse practitioner registration into New Zealand in 2001 was heralded as a move that would open up a wealth of opportunities for registered nurses to extend their practice into more independent roles and to provide a client-centred health service. It was also seen as a way to retain experienced registered nurses in the clinical practice area by providing a credible clinical career pathway. If nurse practitioner's are to meet these expectations, then, the author suggests, it is important to understand the processes that encourage or discourage nurses from advancing their practice. One of the early scopes of practice to be introduced was nurse practitioner with an endorsement in aged care scope of practice. Grounded theory was the method used to generate an explanation of how registered nurses working in aged care were preparing for the introduction of nurse practitioner roles. An analysis of early data highlighted codes around registered nurses in aged care extending and advancing their practice rather than preparing specifically for the nurse practitioner role. The research question for this study was: 'How are registered nurses in aged care advancing their nursing practice?' Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from ten experienced registered nurses working in aged care clinical practice settings ranging from secondary hospital facilities, to community settings and residential care villages. Dimensional analysis of the data eventually generated three major conceptual categories: 'ownership of nursing', 'extending practice', and 'moving out of a comfort zone'. Of these, 'ownership of nursing' was identified as the core construct that linked the other categories together. The substantive theory that explains how registered nurses in aged care advance their clinical practice is 'developing autonomous ownership'. Nurses who develop autonomous ownership of nursing are more likely than other nurses to move out of a current comfort zone and advance their practice into more independent roles that suit their autonomous ownership of nursing. This study identified important contextual factors and conditions that support the development of an autonomous ownership of nursing and that subsequently facilitate advancing nursing practice. These include creating supportive environments, organisational commitment to advanced nursing practice roles, visible nursing leadership, congruence between organisational and nursing philosophies, interdisciplinary collaboration and participating in postgraduate education. The author suggests that the significance of this study is that it generated a theory about the processes that encourage or discourage nurses from preparing for, and progressing into, advanced nursing practice roles such as nurse practitioner.
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Pirret, A. M. (2013). Nurse practitioner diagnostic reasoning. Ph.D. thesis, Massey University, Palmerston Nursing.
Abstract: Uses a post-positivist mixed-methods convergent-parallel design to explore nurse practitioner diagnostic reasoning and compare it to that of registrars. Includes 30 nurse practitioners and 16 registrars in a case scenario. Outlines nurse practitioner practice in NZ and how the NZ title of nurse practitioner differs from that used internationally.
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Speed, G. (2003). Advanced nurse practice. Nursing dialogue: A Professional Journal for nurses, 10, 6–12.
Abstract: The concept and characteristics of advanced nursing practice in New Zealand and overseas is compared with the nurse practitioner role. There is an international debate over definitions of advanced nursing and the range of roles that have developed. The rationale for the nurse practitioner role in New Zealand is examined, along with the associated legislation currently before Parliament. Job titles and roles of nurses within the Waikato Hospital intensive care unit are discussed and ways of developing the role of nurse practitioner are presented.
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Betts, J. A. (2005). Establishing and evaluating a nurse practitioner leg ulcer clinic: The journey. Ph.D. thesis, , .
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Halligan, S. (2006). The potential role of nurse practitioners within the Family Planning Association New Zealand. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: The purpose of this dissertation is to consider the potential role of nurse practitioners within the Family Planning Association using the “participatory, evidence-based, patient focused process for advanced practice nursing” framework. The existing model of care meets the needs of most Family Planning Association clients well in family planning and sexual and reproductive health care. Some population groups, for example, Maori, Pacific Island people and males are currently underserved particularly in areas of sexual and reproductive health. Consideration is given to how the Family Planning Association could incorporate nurse practitioner expertise to complement existing care and utilising innovative and cost effective ways of reaching some underserved population groups. The integration of the nurse practitioner role into the current staffing mix has the potential to enhance the current model of care, freeing medical officers to deal with more complex medical issues and providing a clinical career path for Family Planning Association nurses.
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Wilkinson, J. A. (2008). Ministerial Taskforce on Nursing : a struggle for control. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 24(3), 5–16.
Abstract: Traces the constitution and work of the Taskforce, along with the struggle that arose between nursing groups for power to control the future of advanced nursing practice. Backgrounds the factors that led to the withdrawal of the NZ Nurses' Organisation (NZNO) from the Taskforce.
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Wilkinson, J. A. (2008). Constructing consensus : developing an advanced nursing practice role. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 24(3), 17–26.
Abstract: Presents a study using a discourse analytical approach to trace the ongoing struggle between nursing groups for power to control the future of advanced nursing practice. Outlines the political discourses dominant in nursing during the period that led to the Nursing Council of New Zealand having regulatory control of the nurse practitioner role.
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