Adams, S., Oster, S., & Davis, J. (2022). The training and education of nurse practitioners in Aotearoa New Zealand: Time for nationwide refresh [editorial]. Nursing Praxis in Aotearoa New Zealand, 38(1). Retrieved July 3, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org.10.36951/27034542.2022.01
Abstract: Argues that the following measures must be taken to ensure the ongoing development and establishment of nurse practitioners (NP) across the health sector: review of NP competencies; support for NPs to undertake the nurse practitioner training programme
(NPTP); formation of nationally-consistent and funded NPTPs; mentoring novice NPs; and a national workforce plan for NPs.
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Wilkinson, J. A. (2007). The New Zealand nurse practitioner polemic : a discourse analysis : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand. Doctoral thesis, Massey University, Wellington.
Abstract: Traces the development of the nurse practitioner role in NZ since its establishment in 2001, using a discourse analytical approach to examine those discourses that have defined the role. Employs both textual and discursive analysis of texts from published literature and from nine interviews with individuals influential in the evolution of the role. Examines political perspectives and disciplinary practices dating back to the Nurses Registration Act of 1901. Considers the implications of an autonomous nursing profession in both practice and regulation.
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Gagan, M. J., Boyd, M., Wysocki, K., & and Williams, D. J. (2014). The first decade of nurse practitioners in New Zealand: A survey of an evolving practice. JAANP, 26(11). Retrieved July 3, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2327-6924.12166
Abstract: Provides an overview of the practices and outcomes of nurse practitioners (NP) across a variety of healthcare specialties since NPs were first registered in 2002. Uses the PEPPA model as a guide for the organisation of data, the discussion of findings, and recommendations for the future.
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Mustafa, M., Adams, S., Bareham, C., & Carryer, J. (2021). Employing nurse practitioners in general practice: an exploratory survey of the perspectives of managers. Journal of Primary Health Care, 13(3). Retrieved July 3, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc21036
Abstract: Explores the perspectives of practice managers on employing nurse practitioners (NP) in general practice. Uses an electronic survey to collect demographic and numerical data, which were analysed descriptively and analytically using SPSS (version 26). Written answers to open-ended questions were analysed qualitatively.
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Adams, S., Boyd, M., Carryer, J., Bareham, C., & Tenbensel, T. (2020). A survey of the NP workforce in primary healthcare settings in New Zealand. New Zealand Medical Journal, 133(1523).
Abstract: Describes the demographics, distribution, clinical settings and employment arrangements of the NZ nurse practitioner (NP) workforce in primary healthcare settings, and organisational factors limiting their practice. Surveys 160 NPs and finds that general practice and aged residential care were the most common clinical settings.
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Poot, B., Nelson, K., Zonneveld, R., & Weatherall, M. (2020). Potentially inappropriate medicine prescribing by nurse practitioners in New Zealand. JAANP, 32(3). Retrieved July 3, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/JXX.0000000000000239
Abstract: Reports the prescribing of potentially-inappropriate medicines (PIM) to older adults (> 65 years). Undertakes a subset analysis of data from the Ministry of Health pharmaceutical collection for the years 2013-2015. Includes nurse practitioner (NP) registration number, medicines dispensed, patient age, gender and NZ Deprivation level. Uses the Beers 2015 criteria to identify PIM. Details the medicines most commonly inappropriately prescribed.
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Alcorn, G. (2007). The youth health specialty in New Zealand: Collaborative practice and future development. The Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners website, 34(3), 162–167.
Abstract: This paper details the workforce capacity of youth health nursing and medical staffing required for community-based and school-based youth health services. The author shows how youth health services seek to complement the care delivered by Primary Health Organisations (PHOs) and other allied health care services in the community. She outlines the development and operation at VIBE, a community-based youth health service in the Hutt Valley with school-based youth health services delivered at four low deciles secondary schools. She explains that developing workforce capacity for youth health services is a primary health care priority and an important means to address inequalities and to improve the health services of young people.
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Pirret, A. M. (2013). Nurse practitioner diagnostic reasoning. Ph.D. thesis, Massey University, Palmerston Nursing.
Abstract: Uses a post-positivist mixed-methods convergent-parallel design to explore nurse practitioner diagnostic reasoning and compare it to that of registrars. Includes 30 nurse practitioners and 16 registrars in a case scenario. Outlines nurse practitioner practice in NZ and how the NZ title of nurse practitioner differs from that used internationally.
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Mackay, B. (2003). General practitioners' perceptions of the nurse practitioner role: An exploratory study. Access is free to articles older than 6 months, and abstracts., 116(1170).
Abstract: This study explores perceptions of general practitioners in the Northland District Health Board (NDHB) regarding the nurse practitioner role, identifying their knowledge of and perceived problems with that role, and their experience of nurses in advanced practice. A purposive sample of all 108 general practitioners in NDHB was undertaken, with a response rate of 46.3%. General practitioners favourably viewed nurse practitioner functions traditionally associated with nursing, such as health teaching, home visiting, obtaining health histories, and taking part in evaluation of care, but less favourably viewed those functions associated with medicine, such as prescribing, ordering laboratory tests, and physical assessment. While expecting few problems with patient acceptance, the general practitioners felt that funding and doctors' acceptance would be problematic. Most general practitioners indicated they had knowledge of the nurse practitioner role and had experienced working with a nurse in advanced practice, but some uncertainty and lack of knowledge about the nurse practitioner role was evident. The author recommends more education and discussion with Northland general practitioners to ensure they are fully informed about the nurse practitioner role and its potential positioning in primary healthcare, to reduce uncertainty, minimise role confusion and promote collaboration between general practitioners and nurse practitioners.
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Maw, H. (2008). The challenge of developing primary health care nurse practitioner roles in rural New Zealand. In Jean Ross (Ed.), Rural nursing: Aspects of practice (pp. 201-214). [Dunedin]: Rural Health Opportunities.
Abstract: The author traces the development of the nurse practitioner role in New Zealand, which was finally introduced in 2001. It traces the key events, from early debates on the issue, the influence of the Centre for Rural Health, and a series of government investigations into nursing which noted the untapped potential of the nursing workforce and the lack of ongoing clinical career pathways. Barriers to rural nurses becoming endorsed as primary health care nurse practitioners are examined, and some of the solutions to this issue are explored. Relationships between nurse practitioners and the local general practitioners, and community resistance are areas that need management. Education is seen as a key response to many of these issues.
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Hamer, H. P., Finlayson, M., Thom, K., Hughes, F., & Tomkins, S. (2006). Mental health nursing and its future: A discussion framework: Report from the Expert Reference Group to the Deputy Director-General Dr Janice Wilson. Wellington: Ministry of Health.
Abstract: This project was initiated by the Ministry of Health to ensure a nationally coordinated approach to mental health nursing. The purpose of the project is to provide a national strategic framework for mental health nursing that will strengthen both nursing leadership and practice within the multi-disciplinary clinical environment. The framework reviews a range of key workforce issues identified by the Ministry of Health and provides strategies to move mental health nursing forward. The framework integrates directions from government mental health strategies, policies and directions, national and international literature as well as professional nursing requirements which aim to create a sustainable mental health nursing workforce using evidence based practice. The framework considers a range of key workforce issues identified by the Ministry of Health including: nursing leadership, nurse practitioners, standards, skill mix, clinical career pathways, professional supervision, education, research and recruitment and retention.
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Vernon, R. A., Jacobs, S., & Papps, E. (2007). An innovative initiative for advanced nursing practice roles. Available online from Eastern Institute of Technology, 14(2), 16–17.
Abstract: This paper reports an initiative which is an example of partnership between education and health organisations resulting in the implementation of a jointly funded advanced nursing practice role. The model is for community based Nurse Practitioner-managed health care for primary health and disease management. The key partners in this project are the Eastern Institute of Technology, Hawke's Bay District Health Board, and a Primary Health Organisation (Tu Meke – First Choice). This article summarises the objectives, implementation, evaluation and benefits of the programme.
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Wilkinson, J. A. (2007). The New Zealand nurse practitioner polemic: A discourse analysis. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: The purpose of this research has been to trace the development of the nurse practitioner role in New Zealand. Using a discourse analytical approach informed by the work of Michel Foucault, the study foregrounds the discourses that have constructed the nurse practitioner role within the New Zealand social and political context. The author suggests that discourses of nursing and of medicine have established systems of disciplinary practices that produce nurses and physicians within defined role boundaries, not because of legislation, but because discourse has constructed certain rules. The nurse practitioner role transcends those boundaries and offers the possibility of a new and potentially more liberating identity for nurses and nursing. A plural approach of both textuality and discursivity was used to guide the analysis of texts chosen from published literature and from nine interviews conducted with individuals who have been influential in the unfolding of the nurse practitioner role. Both professionally and industrially and in academic and regulatory terms dating back to the Nurses Registration Act, 1901, the political discourses and disciplinary practices serving to position nurses in the health care sector and to represent nursing are examined. The play of these forces has created an interstice from which the nurse practitioner role in New Zealand could emerge. In combination with a new state regime of primary health care, the notion of an autonomous nursing profession in both practice and regulation has challenged medicine's traditional right to surveillance of nursing practice. Through a kind of regulated freedom, the availability of assessment, diagnostic and prescribing practices within a nursing discourse signals a radical shift in how nursing can be represented. The author concludes that the nurse practitioner polemic has revolutionised the nursing subject, and may in turn lead to a qualitatively different health service.
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McElroy, J. Maternity outcomes and access following regulatory changes for Isotretinoin prescribing in New Zealand (Vol. 2017). Master's thesis, University of Otago, .
Abstract: Analyses retrospective prescription data for the years 2007-2015 to determine how access to isotretinoin altered before and after funded access was extended from dermatologists to include GPs and nurse practitioners who obtained a Special Authority. Assesses maternity outcomes for females dispensed the drug with regard to pregnancy terminations and isotretinoin-exposed live births. Examines outcomes based on type of prescriber and use or otherwise of the Best Practice Advocacy Centre (BPAC) electronic isotretinoin decision-support tool.
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Holloway, K. T. (2011). Development of a specialist nursing framework for New Zealand. Doctoral thesis, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Abstract: Expresses concern that inconsistent specialist nursing workforce planning and pathways for nursing practice development will adversely affect needed service provision for the population. Reports the outcomes of research, which suggests an alternate approach through the development of a single unified capability framework for specialist nursing practice in NZ. Uses a qualitative descriptive and exploratory multi-method enquiry approach to review extant understandings and develop a consensus framework, identifying the essential elements required for a single national framework for specialist nursing in NZ. Widens the understanding of a more holistic approach to specialist nursing development, which holds great promise for the specialist nursing workforce in NZ and internationally.
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