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MacDonald, R. (2005). Mammography screening for breast cancer: Does it reduce the mortality rate? Available online from Eastern Institute of Technology, , 8–12.
Abstract: This paper critically examines the literature on mammography as a breast cancer screening modality. It looks at what the New Zealand consumer is being told about the scientific uncertainties about the effectiveness of mammography and the substantial risks involved with it. This literature review raises concerns about the lack of information available for healthy women to make a fully informed decision about mammography screening.
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Litchfield, M. (1997). The language of nursing practice in hospitals. (Vol. Proceedings of the National Nursing Informatics Co).
Abstract: A paper presenting the findings of a small research project involving a group of self-selected senior nurses of Wellington Hospital to explore the nature of nursing practice in the care and management of hospitalised patients and to formalise the language that would acknowledge its significance in the current effort of hospitals to define patient care pathways. The nature of hospital nursing practice was described in themes of a generic process of nurse-patient care that articulates a distinct specialism of hospital nursing, whatever the hospital department in which nurses hold positions.
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Litchfield, M. (1998). What is nursing research? P. Watson & M.Woods (Eds.), Waiora: Nursing research in Aotearoa/New Zealand, evolving a shared sense of our future. Proceedings of the Nursing Research Section/Te Runanga O Aotearoa (New Zealand Nurses' Organisation) conference, Wellington 26-27 March., .
Abstract: This conference paper outlines the nature of nursing research developing the distinct knowledge for nursing practice. It is presented as a cumulative process of knowledge development about health, practice and service delivery. Nursing research is illustrated by tracing a personal trajectory of research over 25 years that addressed questions relating to and derived from the practice of nursing.
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Litchfield, M. (2007). The innovation effort: ?Are you in or are you out??.
Abstract: A graphic presentation in PDF format (April 2007) of the findings and policy implications of the developmental evaluation research programme for the Turangi Primary Health Care Nursing Innovation.
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Litchfield, M. (2002). The successful design and delivery of rural health services: The meaning of success. Christchurch: Centre for Rural Health.
Abstract: A report on the analysis of data from an in-depth survey designed by Sue Dawson, previously Rural Health Researcher in the Centre for Rural Health, and follow-up interviews. The study purpose was to construct a definition of ?successful design and delivery of rural health services? as a step towards a measurement tool. Participants were grouped as general practitioners (GPs), nurses and community representatives. A format for a participatory approach to evaluation of rural health services is derived from the criteria of success identified, with its relevance for the implementation of the new Government primary health care strategy explicit. This format provided the basis for a subsequent evaluation case study undertaken in a small rural forestry township by the Centre for Rural Health.
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Clendon, D. J. (2009). Motherhood and the 'Plunket Book': A social history. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: The Well Child/Tamariki Ora Health Book (the Plunket book) is a small booklet given to New Zealand mothers on the birth of a child. Although use of the book has decreased since it?s inception in 1920, it is frequently kept within the family and handed on from mother to child. Utilising an oral history approach, this study has traced the development of the Plunket book over time and explored the experiences of a group of 34 women and one man who have reflected on their ownership of, or involvement with, Plunket books. The study found that the book remains an effective clinical tool for mothers and nurses. Nurses use the book as a tool to help develop a relationship with a mother and her family, and to identify and build on strengths. Mothers have used the book as a tool to link past with present, to maintain kinship ties across generations, to deal with change intergenerationally, and in a manner that contributes to their self-identity as woman and mother. The study recommends that nurses and other health professionals continue to use the Plunket book as a clinical tool mindful of the fact that the book remains in use beyond the health professional?s immediate involvement with the mother and child, playing an important role in the context of the New Zealand family across generations.
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Hayward, S. (2009). Evaluation of a change programme: model of nursing care delivery. Master's thesis, , .
Abstract: A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Health Sciences.
Primary nursing as a framework within which nurses deliver patient care has been a nursing care delivery system of choice in New Zealand for the last two decades. A number of studies have been carried out, with a review of the literature suggesting inconclusive support for this delivery system over other functional nursing care models. However, there is support for the philosophy underpinning this model, with documented evidence that this framework can help nurses achieve a degree of professional development and autonomous practice that other models cannot. Using documented information created during the move from one model of nursing care to another this work evaluates what were the drivers for the change, how it was managed and what the outcomes were.
Findings indicated that this change project was a success. Analysis of the data collected pre and post implementation indicated some positive shifts, but more importantly it was the information gathered from both patients and nurses that gave creditability to the new model of nursing care.
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Litchfield, M. (2009). To advance health care: The origins of nursing research in New Zealand (NZNO, Ed.). Wellington: NZNO.
Abstract: This book examines in detail the confluence of personalities and professional and practice agendas, out of which emerged the research section, intent on placing research at the centre of the profession's evolution. It provides a fascinating look at how a group of women, utterly committed to nursing, drove their research agenda and it expands understandings of why nursing research is significant for the development of nursing. It also provides an insight into that web of relationships between the professional body, NZNA, the Department of Health, service delivery and education.
To order a copy:
Email: publications@nzno.org.nz
NZNO members: $25 (incl GST + p&p)
Non-NZNO members: $35 (incl GST + p&p)
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Eden, S. (2011). An integrated literature review of the role of the nurse practitioner in the emergency department. Master's thesis, , .
Abstract: A dissertation in partial fulfilment of Master Health Sciences (Clinical)through University of Otago
The nurse practitioner is one of the newest nursing health care professionals to be introduced to the New Zealand health system for many years. Eighty-six nurse practitioners are credentialed in New Zealand, with three working in urban Emergency Department settings. Nurse Practitioners are common internationally especially in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and Australia. The purpose of this integrated literature review is to explore current research and literature in regards to the Emergency Department Nurse Practitioner, and their role within emergency settings. This review presents the growth and development of the nurse practitioner as an advanced practice nursing position. Four key themes emerge from the literature review; education of the Emergency Nurse Practitioner , how and who defined the Emergency Nurse Practitioner role, practice setting of the Emergency Nurse Practitioner, and what the barriers are to independent practice. The economic, legal and governance aspects of the Nurse Practitioner role are also portrayed. This integrated review documents the potential for further development and expansion of the Emergency Nurse Practitioner scope of practice to provide a broad range of patient care services within Emergency Departments, and emergency care settings. Future research is essential for the promotion of autonomous practice of the Emergency Nurse Practitioner within the international and New Zealand health care system.
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Rickard, D. (1999). Parents as experts: Partnership in the care of chronically ill children.
Abstract: Margaret May Blackwell Travel Study Fellowship for Nurses of Young Children.
This report discusses the partnership between parents and nurses and its relationship to delivering optimal care to the child.
The author has a background in paediatric nursing in a hospital environment.
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Vandergoot, A. (2005). From ward nurse to proficient critical care nurse: a narrative inquiry study. Master's thesis, , .
Abstract: A dissertation [thesis] presented in partial fulfillment of the degree of Master of Health Science.
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Dawson, A. L. (2008). Same person different nurse : A study of the relationship between nurse and patient based on the experience of shifting from secondary care to home based nursing. Master's thesis, , .
Abstract: A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Nursing.
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Dr Jill Clendon and Dr Léonie Walker. (2011). Young nurses in Aotearoa New Zealand. NZNO.
Abstract: The NZNO Younger Nurse survey examined the characteristics of younger nurse members of NZNO (aged under 30) in order to identify potential recruitment and retention strategies for these nurses, and provide information on how best to support younger members to become involved in NZNO activities.
The findings indicate that while most younger nurses enjoy their work and find it rewarding, they also face a range of challenges in the workplace due to their age ? including bullying and poor choice of shifts. Many younger nurses do not feel appropriately paid for the work they do and believe there are insufficient nurses to provide safe care. Over 10 percent of younger nurses are considering leaving the nursing profession. Many younger nurses feel the emotional challenge of nursing was more than they anticipated and that their education did not prepare them well to manage this.
A range of recommendations are made, including the need to improve undergraduate curriculum content on managing the emotional challenges of nursing, the need to implement clinical supervision for all nurses but particularly for those under 30, the need to develop and implement activities to address bullying in the workplace, and the need to improve pay progression scales in employment contracts.
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Dr Jill Clendon and Dr Léonie Walker. (2011). Research Advisory Paper: Highlights of the 2011 Younger Nurse Study. Wellington: NZNO.
Abstract: The NZNO Younger Nurse survey examined the characteristics of younger nurse members of NZNO (aged under 30) in order to identify potential recruitment and retention strategies for these nurses, and provide information on how best to support younger members to become involved in NZNO activities.
The findings indicate that while most younger nurses enjoy their work and find it rewarding, they also face a range of challenges in the workplace due to their age ?including bullying and poor choice of shifts. Many younger nurses do not feel appropriately paid for the work they do and believe there are insufficient nurses to provide safe care. Over 10% of younger nurses are considering leaving the nursing profession. Many younger nurses feel the emotional challenge of nursing was more than they anticipated and that their education did not prepare them well to manage this.
A range of recommendations are made including the need to improve undergraduate curriculum content on managing the emotional challenges of nursing, the need to implement clinical supervision for all nurses but particularly for those under 30, the need to develop and implement activities to address bullying in the workplace, and the need to improve pay progression scales in employment contracts.
Further research is required to explore why there is a discrepancy between female and male nurses?postgraduate qualifications by age, the particular needs of younger Indian and South East Asian nurses, the discrepancy between younger nurses and older nurses perceptions of insufficient nurses, and what type of emotional stress younger nurses find most challenging.
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Dr Léonie Walker. (2011). Vital Signs: Research Advisory Paper: Highlights of the NZNO Employment Survey, 2011. Wellington: NZNO.
Abstract: This report documents the results of a survey of a random sample of NZNO members.
A 10% sample was drawn by computer from the 45,000 membership, representing nurses and care givers from across New Zealand. Midwives were excluded from the
sample on this occasion.
Issues related to age demographics, low pay, increasing workload, and significant
organisational restructuring continue to contribute to a considerable part of the nursing workforce who will be looking to leave nursing, to nurse overseas, or to retire within the next ten years. These appear to be balanced for now partly by other factors leading to nurses continuing to work long past the normal retirement age.
Changes to the Enrolled Nurse scope of practice (including a drop in employment
opportunities as Enrolled Nurses), difficulties experienced by some newly qualified New Zealand nurses finding suitable employment or supported Nurse Entry to Practice places, and evidence for a drop in the availability of paid access to continuing professional development particularly in the DHB sector, if not addressed urgently, may have longer term implications for the New Zealand nursing workforce and the health service.
Specific issues for nurses under 30 years of age, particularly related to shift work practices and family responsibilities, were explored in more detail in a separate report Young Nurses in Aotearoa New Zealand and specific recommendations made for the long term retention of these skilled and vital health workers.
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