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Wilkinson, J. A. (2007). The New Zealand nurse practitioner polemic : a discourse analysis : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand. Doctoral thesis, Massey University, Wellington.
Abstract: Traces the development of the nurse practitioner role in NZ since its establishment in 2001, using a discourse analytical approach to examine those discourses that have defined the role. Employs both textual and discursive analysis of texts from published literature and from nine interviews with individuals influential in the evolution of the role. Examines political perspectives and disciplinary practices dating back to the Nurses Registration Act of 1901. Considers the implications of an autonomous nursing profession in both practice and regulation.
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Smillie, A. (2006). Historical investigations: Risk management in a New Zealand hospital, 1888-1904. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 22(2), 33–38.
Abstract: This article examines historical events within one hospital and compares them with contemporary risk management practices. The examples involve a nurse sustaining injury in the course of her work, a fire in the hospital and two instances of patient complaints – one concerning nursing care and the other relating to a time lag between admission to hospital and receiving medical attention. Analysis of the processes followed in investigating these occurrences reveals that these historic investigations were small in scale and less bureaucratic than contemporary practice, and were based on a culture of blame. This is contrasted with modern risk management practices which are more focused on understanding what can be learned from the incident with respect to preventing recurrence.
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Ramsamy, K. (2006). Colonisation: The experience of a psychiatric nurse through the lens of reflective autobiography. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: The author points to the oppression of colonisation living on in the daily lives of colonised people, and goes on to say that it is vital for nurses to understand the effects of that oppression, as well as the restrictive impacts, and dislocation from one's land and culture to-day. Nurses come from both the descendants of colonisers and the colonised. This thesis is a journey and a quest for insights into the impacts and significances of colonisation by looking at historical and socio-political contexts that have bearing on the health of colonised people who remain mostly powerless and marginalised. It is prompted in response to a cultural safety model which advocates that nurses should become familiar with their own background and history in order to be culturally safe in practice. This reflective autobiographical account is a personal effort and provides the foundation for an exploration of issues during nursing practice encounters, from a colonised ethnic minority perspective. The method was informed by Moustakas research approach and Johnstone's Reflective Topical Autobiographical process. The selection of specific events are deliberate, to make visible some of the many barriers that exist within our health structures as pertinent issues for non-dominant cultures that remain on the margin of our society. Maori issues provide a contrast and became a catalyst for the author while working for kaupapa Maori services. The intention of this thesis is to generate new knowledge about what it means to be a nurse from an ethnic minority working in a kaupapa Maori mental health service, and to encourage other nurses to explore these issues further. Some recommendations are made for nurses in the last chapter.
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McNab, M. (2005). The nursing roles in respect of tuberculosis in New Zealand from 1928 to 1966. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: In this thesis the nursing roles in respect of tuberculosis in New Zealand from 1928 to 1966 are identified, and then examined by contextualising them in relation to the changing social, political, demographic, scientific and technological environments in which the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis took place. The history of the various institutions is described in order to show some of the circumstances that led to the evolution of the roles of dispensary nurse, district nurse, school nurse, public health nurse, sanatorium nurse, and hospital nurse. 1928 to 1966 covers a sufficiently long period of intensive activity and change in the detection, treatment and research of pulmonary tuberculosis in New Zealand, to enable comparisons between nursing roles to be made. It was found that nurses had an individualised approach to their work. This was defined by the physical environments within which they worked, whether it was a hospital, sanatorium, dispensary, school or in a patient's home. Also, the medical treatments advocated and implemented by the medical practitioners, the rules and regulations which governed the various work areas, and the availability of staff, funds, facilities and resources all had an impact upon how nurses were able to work and how their respective roles developed. In addition, some of the factors which contributed to nurses getting tuberculosis and the initiatives to improve the nurse's conditions of work are examined, because these had an impact on the performance of the nurse's work and evolution of her role. Apart from practical nursing care, nurses also had a role in the on-going inspection, monitoring, notification, emotional support of patients and families, morale boosting and education. Each role had these components. The differences were in the time and emphasis given to each.
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Jacobs, S. (2005). Advanced nursing practice and the nurse practitioner: New Zealand nursing's professional project in the late 20th century. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: This thesis examines the forces influencing the development of contemporary advanced nursing practice in New Zealand. It begins with an historical approach to explore the various meanings of advanced nursing practice from the late 1800s through the first years of the 21st century. Seven historical understandings of the meaning of 'advanced' nursing practice emerge. The author's analysis of the broad scope of New Zealand nursing history, including a case study of the development and implementation of the nurse practitioner, draws on theoretical perspectives from sociology, political science, and nursing. She develops a “framework of critical factors for nursing to take into account when considering how to ensure the profession is able to deliver on its great potential to improve the health of New Zealand communities”. Examining the work of a range of nursing leaders, past and present, and drawing on the work of political scientist, John Kingdon, the author describes the work of several nurses as “policy entrepreneurship.”
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Ross, M. E. (2005). A study into the effects of the New Zealand health reforms of the 1990's on the role of the nurse manager. Ph.D. thesis, , .
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Hansen, S. (2005). The reality: Doctors and nurses in general practice in New Zealand. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: Provision of a primary health care system that delivers timely, appropriate, affordable and effective care is a challenge throughout the world. The purpose of this work is to discuss the realities of collaborative practice in primary health care, where care is delivered by doctors and nurses in general practice settings in New Zealand. The close relationship between the two professions has been historically marked by the dominance of medicine over nursing. Unclear articulation of nursing practice by the nursing profession along with historical gender issues has further hindered a more collegial relationship between medicine and nursing. The author suggests that historical gender inequalities have also contributed to a system which has disadvantaged nurses in the execution of their work. Collaboration occurs when mutual respect is present between two parties intent on furthering mutual goals. Collaboration is not supervision or co-operation. It is therefore, the author suggests, questionable that collaboration exists in the New Zealand system other than through the good will of individual practitioners. An examination of these issues using the work of Jurgen Habermas and Michel Foucault offers insight into how the current working situation between medicine and nursing came about. The author concludes that the emergence of the nurse practitioner role in New Zealand along with a change in the way that primary health care is being managed nationally provides opportunities for the nursing profession to move into emancipatory collaborative practice roles.
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Roddick, J. A. (2005). When the flag flew at half mast: Nursing and the 1918 influenza epidemic in Dunedin. Ph.D. thesis, , .
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Roberts, M. H. (2004). An exploration of the experiences of Maori nurses in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: The author describes the purpose of her writing as exploring the journeys that Maori have experienced within the nursing profession of Aotearoa/New Zealand. It presents the reader with insight into these journeys by examining a broad range of events and experiences from pre European contact up to contemporary times. The intention of providing these insights is for the reader to be made aware of not only the “uniqueness” that Maori nurses bring to the profession in New Zealand but to give voice to the many untold experiences of Maori nurses. The Nursing Council of New Zealand (NCNZ), numerous Maori and non- Maori academics have long acknowledged the uniqueness of Maori health perspectives and needs. However, the author notes there is limited literature which specifically discusses experiences of Maori consumers of health services and until recently, exploration of the experiences of Maori nurses has been limited. The Ministerial Taskforce of Nursing (1998) identified the paucity of research related to Maori nursing and acknowledges the need for Maori nurses to develop a body of knowledge specifically focused in this area. To this end, the author intended that this work would contribute to the increasing body of knowledge regarding this unique group within the nursing profession of Aotearoa/New Zealand.The discussion includes revisiting the history of nursing in Aotearoa/New Zealand and critiquing the participation of Maori nurses. The experiences of Maori nurses and students from within the education sector is detailed with a particular focus on their experiences of Kawa Whakaruruhau / Cultural safety. Contemporary issues for Maori nurses are critiqued and possible solutions offered along with details of the writer's vision for the future direction of Maori within the wider nursing profession in Aotearoa/New Zealand.
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Arcus, K. J. (2004). Often wearisome, sometimes saddening, but always interesting: A hundred years of district nursing in Wellington, 1903-2003. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: October 2003 marked the centenary of Wellington district nursing. Annie Holgate, a 'trained, professional' nurse, was employed to care for the sick poor in 1903. The Wellington St John Ambulance District Nursing Guild funded district nursing for over fifty years. The first president, Sarah Ann Rhodes, left a legacy of a solid financial and administrative base for the whole of the Guild's existence. From 1945 the Wellington Hospital Board assumed responsibility for district nursing and expanded the service to the greater Wellington region. In 1974 the Community Health Services were formed, with Pauline MacInnes as the nurse leader. Expansion of healthcare in the community ensued, with district nurses pivotal to client-centred, community-based, collaborative healthcare. This service was dismantled in the wake of health sector restructuring in 1989. The philosophy and operation of the Community Health Service of this period bears a striking resemblance to the current concept of Primary Health Care. Primary sources from Wellington St John, Kai Tiaki and data from official publications were used to compile this history. Emergent themes are the autonomy of district nurses' practice, the invisibility of district nursing and the impact of visionary leadership. All have implications for the future of district nursing. District nursing, initially dependent on philanthropy, has been publicly funded in New Zealand since 1944. District nursing is now an essential component of health care.
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Harding, T. S. (2004). Male nurses: The struggle for acceptance. Kai Tiaki: Nursing New Zealand, 9(4), 17–19.
Abstract: This article describes the role of men in the nursing profession in New Zealand from colonial times to the 1970s. It considers attitudes towards male nurses, the provision of training for men and the various laws and regulations dealing with the issue.
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Richardson, S. (2004). Aoteaoroa/New Zealand nursing: From eugenics to cultural safety. Nursing Inquiry, 11(1), 35–42.
Abstract: The concept of cultural safety offers a unique approach to nursing practice, based on recognition of the power differentials inherent in any interaction. Clarification of the concept is offered, together with a review of the historical shift in nursing attitudes that has led to the emergence of “cultural safety” as a viable and valued component of nursing practice. The argument is made that cultural safety has allowed for a more reflective, critical understanding of the actions of nursing to develop. This includes recognition that nurses' attitudes and values have inevitably been influenced by social and political forces, and as such are in part reflective of those within the wider community. Comparison between the support given by nurses in the early 1900s to the theory of eugenics and the current acceptance of cultural safety is used to highlight this point. An examination of the literature identifies that ideological and conceptual changes have occurred in the approach of Aoteaoroa/New Zealand nurses to issues with cultural implications for practice. A review of background factors relating to Maori health status and the Treaty of Waitangi is presented as a necessary context to the overall discussion. The discussion concludes with an acknowledgement that while the rhetoric of cultural safety is now part of nursing culture in New Zealand, there is no firm evidence to evaluate its impact in practice. Issues identified as impacting on the ability to assess/research a concept, such as cultural safety, are discussed. For cultural safety to become recognised as a credible (and indispensable) tool, it is necessary to further examine the “end-point” or “outcomes” of the process.
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Chenery, K. (2004). Family-centred care: Understanding our past (Vol. 20).
Abstract: Oral history accounts of the care of the hospitalised child in the context of family are used to argue that current practice paradoxes in family-centred care are historically ingrained. The article looks at the post-war period, the intervening years, and current practice, centred on the changing concept of motherhood throughout that time. The conflict between clinical expediency versus family and child needs is explored.
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Jacobs, S. (2003). Advanced nursing practice: Time and meaning. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 19(3), 29–39.
Abstract: The particular, contemporary meanings ascribed to “advanced nursing practice” in New Zealand have been debated and delineated in the 1990s, culminating in the launch of the nurse practitioner role at a conference sponsored by the Ministry of Health and the Nursing Council of New Zealand in August, 2001. Drawing on archival materials, documents, other texts and voices, this article explores the evolution of connotations and meanings of the word “advanced” as applied to nursing in New Zealand. The focus is on clinical practice, research, teaching, consulting, higher education, and advancement of the profession. Historical aspects of advancement in New Zealand nursing are examined, including registration, unsupervised practice, technical specialisation, and career development.
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Smillie, A. (2003). The end of tranquillity? An exploration of some organisational and societal factors that generated discord upon the introduction of trained nurses into New Zealand hospitals, 1885-1914.
Abstract: This historical research study examines some of the factors that caused problems for early New Zealand trained nurses upon their introduction into New Zealand hospitals, between 1885 and 1914. Eight incidents in the professional lives of nurses of the period are used as illustrations of the strains and discord that were apparent in this time of change. Analysis of these incidents attempts to answer the question as to whether the introduction of trained nurses into the New Zealand hospital system did add new considerations to problems encountered by nurses in their professional life. The conclusion is that there was a new dimension of difference added to the system with the introduction of the trained nurse. This developed from the evidence that these nurses, particularly if they were also matrons, had to fit into the existing power structures, which were not really ready to accept them, either through choice or lack of foresight. Enmeshed within these considerations is the influence of Florence Nightingale; her effect on nursing itself, and the consequent public and official perception, or misperception, of who nurses should be.
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