Wilkinson, J. A. (2007). The New Zealand nurse practitioner polemic: A discourse analysis. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: The purpose of this research has been to trace the development of the nurse practitioner role in New Zealand. Using a discourse analytical approach informed by the work of Michel Foucault, the study foregrounds the discourses that have constructed the nurse practitioner role within the New Zealand social and political context. The author suggests that discourses of nursing and of medicine have established systems of disciplinary practices that produce nurses and physicians within defined role boundaries, not because of legislation, but because discourse has constructed certain rules. The nurse practitioner role transcends those boundaries and offers the possibility of a new and potentially more liberating identity for nurses and nursing. A plural approach of both textuality and discursivity was used to guide the analysis of texts chosen from published literature and from nine interviews conducted with individuals who have been influential in the unfolding of the nurse practitioner role. Both professionally and industrially and in academic and regulatory terms dating back to the Nurses Registration Act, 1901, the political discourses and disciplinary practices serving to position nurses in the health care sector and to represent nursing are examined. The play of these forces has created an interstice from which the nurse practitioner role in New Zealand could emerge. In combination with a new state regime of primary health care, the notion of an autonomous nursing profession in both practice and regulation has challenged medicine's traditional right to surveillance of nursing practice. Through a kind of regulated freedom, the availability of assessment, diagnostic and prescribing practices within a nursing discourse signals a radical shift in how nursing can be represented. The author concludes that the nurse practitioner polemic has revolutionised the nursing subject, and may in turn lead to a qualitatively different health service.
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Prebble, K. (2007). Ordinary men and uncommon women: A history of psychiatric nursing in New Zealand public mental hospitals, 1939-1972. Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: This social-cultural history explores the changing context, culture, and identity of psychiatric nurses working in New Zealand public mental hospitals between 1939 and 1972. Primary documentary sources and oral history interviews provided the data for analysis. The thesis is divided into two periods: 1939 to 1959 when asylum-type conditions shaped the culture of the institutional workforce, and 1960 to 1972 when mental health reform and nursing professionalisation challenged the isolation and distinct identity of mental hospital nurses. Between 1939 and 1959 the introduction of somatic treatments did not substantially change nursing practice in mental hospitals. Overcrowding, understaffing and poor resources necessitated the continuance of custodial care. The asylum-type institutions were dependent on a male attendant workforce to ensure the safety of disturbed male patients, and the maintenance of hospital farms, gardens, and buildings. Although female nurses provided all the care and domestic work on the female side, the belief that psychiatric nursing was physically demanding, potentially dangerous, and morally questionable, characterised the work as generally unsuitable for women. Introduction of psychiatric nursing registration which was a move toward professionalisation did little to change the dominance of a male, working-class culture. From 1960 to 1972 psychiatric nurses' identity was contested. New therapeutic roles created the possibility of the nurses becoming health professionals. Their economic security and occupational power, however, was tied to an identity as unionised, male workers. As psychiatric nurses were drawn closer to the female-dominated nursing profession through health service changes and nursing education reform, both men and women acted to protect both their working conditions and their patients' welfare. To achieve these ends, they employed working-class means of industrial action. By accepting the notion that psychiatric nurses' identity was socially constructed, this thesis provides an interpretation that goes beyond the assumption that nursing is a woman's profession. Instead, it presents psychiatric nursing as a changing phenomenon shaped by contested discourses of gender, class and professionalisation. Nursing in public mental hospitals attracted ordinary men and uncommon women whose collective identity was forged from the experience of working in a stigmatised role.
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Gage, J., & Hornblow, A. R. (2007). Development of the New Zealand nursing workforce: Historical themes and current challenges. Nursing Inquiry, 14(4), 330–334.
Abstract: This article reviews the development of the New Zealand nursing workforce, which has been shaped by social, political, scientific and interprofessional forces. The unregulated, independent and often untrained nurses of the early colonial period were succeeded in the early 1900s by registered nurses, with hospital-based training, working in a subordinate role to medical practitioners. In the mid/late 1900s, greater specialisation within an expanding workforce, restructuring of nursing education, health sector reform, and changing social and political expectations again reshaped nursing practice. Nursing now has areas of increasing autonomy, expanding opportunities for postgraduate education and leadership roles, and a relationship with medicine, which is more collaborative than in the past. Three current challenges are identified for nursing in New Zealand's rapidly evolving health sector; development of a nursing-focused knowledge culture, strengthening of research capacity, and dissemination of new nursing knowledge.
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Wilkinson, J. A. (2007). The New Zealand nurse practitioner polemic : a discourse analysis : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand. Doctoral thesis, Massey University, Wellington.
Abstract: Traces the development of the nurse practitioner role in NZ since its establishment in 2001, using a discourse analytical approach to examine those discourses that have defined the role. Employs both textual and discursive analysis of texts from published literature and from nine interviews with individuals influential in the evolution of the role. Examines political perspectives and disciplinary practices dating back to the Nurses Registration Act of 1901. Considers the implications of an autonomous nursing profession in both practice and regulation.
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Jacobs, S., & Boddy, J. M. (2008). The genesis of advanced nursing practice in New Zealand: Policy, politics and education. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 24(1 (Mar)), 11–22.
Abstract: This contemporary historical study examines the health sector environment of the 1990s and the turn of the 21st century, and assesses the policy initiatives undertaken to advance nursing in New Zealand during that period. The authors look at the conditions and forces that saw nursing achieve a new emphasis on advanced and expanded scope of nursing practice, less than a decade after the commencement of New Zealand's first pre-registration nursing degrees.
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Robertson, A. M. (2008). Rural women and maternity services. In Jean Ross (Ed.), Rural nursing: Aspects of practice (pp. 179-97). [Dunedin]: Rural Health Opportunities.
Abstract: The author discusses the roles that nurses undertake in response to rural communities' health needs, focusing on the provision of maternity service. The author reviews structural changes such as the 1990 Amendment to the Nurses Act 1977 which, the author suggests, introduced a climate of professional rivalry, changes in funding that cut back general practitioners in the field, and the development of Lead Maternity Carers. Despite controversial developments, New Zealand maternity services have evolved to include a unique and internationally respected model of midwifery care. However, the author highlights several areas that limit the positive contribution of rural nurses and midwives. These include workforce recruitment and retention, equity of access, and issues around maintaining competency and education.
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Diers, D. (2008). “Noses and eyes”: Nurse practitioners in New Zealand. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 24(1 (Mar)), 4–10.
Abstract: Principles for understanding and evolving nurse practitioner practice, politics and policy are distilled from 40 years of experience in the United States and Australia. The issues in all countries are remarkably similar. The author suggests that some historical and conceptual grounding may assist the continuing development of this expanded role for nursing in New Zealand.
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Meek, G. (2009). Second-level nurses: a critical examination of their evolving role in New Zealand healthcare. Master's thesis, Waikato Institute of Technology, Hamilton.
Abstract: Examines the evolution of the enrolled nurse in NZ from the perspective of a registered nurse who has worked with enrolled nurses in both Britain and NZ. Analyses key documents from a critical perspective to consider the positioning of enrolled nurses in NZ, particularly from the point of view of the large number of Maori enrolled nurses. Makes recommendations for a more equitable future for those who undertake enrolled nursing.
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Wood, P. J. (2011). Understanding and evaluating historical sources in nursing history research. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 27(1), 25–33.
Abstract: Describes four historical sources relevant to the history of nursing in NZ. Uses them to explain how nurse researchers can evaluate their research material. Outlines the five dimensions of evaluation: provenance, purpose, context, veracity, and usefulness. Explains the questions that must be addressed in each dimension of the evaluation. Illustrates the different kinds of information available in the 4 selected historical sources, by references to individual nurses.
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Wood, P. J., & Nelson, K. (2013). The journal Kai Tiaki's role in developing research capability in New Zealand nursing, 1908-1959. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 29(1), 12–22.
Abstract: Undertakes an analysis of past issues of Kai Tiaki over the five decades following its establishment in 1908 to identify the antecedents to the development of research in NZ nursing from the 1970s. Demonstrates how the journal fostered nurses' awareness of research and promoted nursing scholarship, by publishing case studies, holding essay competitions, and published nurses' articles on practice or professional issues.
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Clendon, J., & McBride-Henry, K. (2014). History of the Child Health and Development Book : part 1, 1920 to 1945. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 30(1), 29–41.
Abstract: Traces the history of the Plunket Book, or Well Child/Tamariki Ora Health Book, during the years 1920-1945, chronicling the development of a medicalised relationship between mothers and health professionals during this era.
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Clendon, J., & McBride-Henry, K. (2014). History of the Child Health and Development Book : part 2: 1945-2000. Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, 30(2), 5–17.
Abstract: Highlights how women challenged the concept of 'medicalised mothering' during the period 1945-2000, and how these views affected the development of the Well Child/Tamariki Ora Health book, or Plunket book. Analyses how the language of the book reflects tensions between competing discourses and knowledge sources among mothers and health professionals.
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Gagan, M. J., Boyd, M., Wysocki, K., & and Williams, D. J. (2014). The first decade of nurse practitioners in New Zealand: A survey of an evolving practice. JAANP, 26(11). Retrieved July 7, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2327-6924.12166
Abstract: Provides an overview of the practices and outcomes of nurse practitioners (NP) across a variety of healthcare specialties since NPs were first registered in 2002. Uses the PEPPA model as a guide for the organisation of data, the discussion of findings, and recommendations for the future.
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Stewart, J., Floyd, S., & Thompson, S. (2015). The way we were : collegiality in nursing in the '70s and '80s. Kai Tiaki Nursing Research, 6(1), 4–8.
Abstract: Reports the findings of oral history research into nurses' experiences of training and working in hospitals in NZ during the 1970s and 1980s and their accounts of early collegiality forged as a result of residential living and training in hierarchical hospitals. Conducts two focus group discussions among 10 long-serving nurses from two district health boards (DHBs).
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Adams, S. (2023). 'New Zealand Nurses: Caring for Our People 1880-1950' : An interview with author Pamela Wood. Nursing Praxis in Aotearoa New Zealand, 39(1). Retrieved July 7, 2024, from http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36951/001c.75238
Abstract: Draws on a conversation between Wood and Adams, both tauiwi (non-Maori) academics, exploring challenges, innovations, and paradigms of care at a time in NZ history when colonising processes had already affected Maori. Traces the origins of rural, district and Plunket nursing. Provides insight into the structure and content of the book, its value in recording the history, proactive leadership, and practice of modern nursing as instigated by the British nursing diaspora.
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